Abstract: A level of a base band signal at an input side of a variable gain amplification circuit is detected by a logarithmic amplifier having a wide input voltage range at a start of an operation, a control unit then performs a coarse feedforward control on a gain of the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level and finds a level of an output of an A/D converter by a mean square deriving circuit and inputs the resulting signal to the control unit. Then the control unit performs a fine feedback control on the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level.

Abstract: In a multi-layer substrate module receiving from an external earth node (20) supply of a reference potential (Vss) for grounding, a plurality of ground lines (170-1, 170-2, 170-3) are provided respectively corresponding to a plurality of internal circuits (210, 220, 230). Moreover, a common node (Ncmn) for coupling the ground lines (170-1, 170-2, 170-3) is provided in an insulating layer (105C) of the multi-layer substrate module. The common node (Ncmn) is electrically coupled to the earth node 20 through a ground pin terminal 204 shared by the plurality of internal circuits (210, 220, 230). Preferably, the common node (Ncmn) is provided in the lowest insulating layer of the multi-layer substrate module. Thus, parasitic inductance of the portion through which an earth current flows, that is, the portion common to the plurality of internal circuits (210, 220, 230), can be suppressed with a small number of ground pin terminals.

Abstract: A mixer circuit mixes a target signal with a local oscillation signal to perform frequency conversion of the target signal. Since the mixer circuit uses a pseudo-sine wave as the local oscillation signal, it can carry out stable operation regardless of variations in the amplitude of the local oscillation signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiconductor device and, more particularly, has for its object to provide a technique for improving the performance of a semiconductor device having a ground terminal and a plurality of signal terminals arranged around the ground terminal. To attain the object, the present invention features isolation between a ground terminal (5, 35) connected to a functional block (11) and a ground terminal (6, 36) connected to a functional block (12). Thus, a ground potential applied to one of the functional blocks through the corresponding ground terminal is prevented from varying depending on the magnitude of a current flowing through the other functional block. This improves the performance of each functional block to improve the performance of the semiconductor device.

Abstract: In a multi-layer substrate module receiving from an external earth node supply of a reference potential for grounding, a plurality of ground lines are provided respectively corresponding to a plurality of internal circuits. Moreover, a common node for coupling the ground lines is provided in an insulating layer of the multi-layer substrate module. The common node is electrically coupled to the earth node through a ground pin terminal shared by the plurality of internal circuits. Preferably, the common node is provided in the lowest insulating layer of the multi-layer substrate module. Thus, parasitic inductance of the portion through which an earth current flows, that is, the portion common to the plurality of internal circuits, can be suppressed with a small number of ground pin terminals. Accordingly, the inflow phenomenon of the earth current between the plurality of internal circuits is prevented, enabling stable operation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]: wherein R1 is lower alkyl or hydroxy(lower)alkyl, and R2 is hydrogen or amino protecting group, or R1 and R2 are bonded together and form lower alkylene; R is -A-R6 wherein A is bond, —NHCO—(CH2CO)n—, lower alkylene, —NH—CO—CO— or the like, and R6 is wherein R7, R8, R9 and R10 are independently amino, guanidino, amidino or the like; R4 is carboxy or protected carboxy; and R5 is amino or protected amino, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for preparing a compound of the formula [I], and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula [I] in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: In an apparatus for fabricating a carbon coating, an object such as a magnetic recording medium is disposed on a side of an electrode connected to a high-frequency power supply. Ultrasonic vibrations are supplied to the object. Discharge is generated between the electrode connected to the high-frequency power supply and a grounded electrode to fabricate a carbon coating on the surface of the object. Also, an electrode interval is set to 6 mm or less, pressure between the electrodes is set to 15 Torr to 100 Torr, whereby high-density plasma is generated to form an ion sheath on an anode side. Therefore, a coating is fabricated on the surface of the object by bombardment of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]: wherein R1 is lower alkyl which may have suitable substituent(s), R2 is amino, protected amino or guanidino, R3 is carboxy or protected carboxy, R4 is amino or protected amino, and A is lower alkylene, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for preparing a compound of the formula [I], and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula [I] in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: In an apparatus for fabricating a carbon coating, an object such as a magnetic r cording medium is disposed on a side of an electrode connected to a high-frequency power supply. Ultrasonic vibrations are supplied to the object. Discharge is generated between the electrode connected to the high-frequency power supply and a grounded electrode to fabricate a carbon coating on the surface of the object. Also, an electrode interval is set to 6 mm or less, pressure between the electrodes is set to 15 Torr to 100 Torr, whereby high-density plasma is generated to form an ion sheath on an anode side. Therefore, a coating is fabricated on the surface of the object by bombardment of ions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]: wherein A is lower alkylene or lower alkenylene; R1 is lower alkyl, hydroxy(lower)alkyl, protected hydroxy(lower)alkyl, amino(lower)alkyl or protected amino(lower)alkyl, and R2 is hydrogen or amino protecting group, or R1 and R2 are bonded together and form lower alkylene; R3 and R5 are independently amino or protected amino; and R4 is carboxy or protected carboxy, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a process for preparing a compound of the formula [I], and a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the formula [I] in admixture with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: Filter circuitry is provided with a series element and a parallel element. The filter circuitry transmits signals that fall within a certain passband and attenuates signals that don't fall within the certain passband. The series element is comprised of a resonance element having antiresonance characteristics, and the parallel element is comprised of a series circuit including an inductor and a capacitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula [I]: 1

Abstract: A reception carrier wave, a first transmission carrier wave, and a second transmission carrier wave are generated. The reception carrier wave is mixed with the reception wave to produce a reception signal. The frequency of the first transmission carrier wave is halved, and the first transmission carrier wave is mixed with a transmission signal to produce a modulated wave. The second transmission carrier wave is mixed with the modulated wave to produce a transmission wave. Since neither the frequency of the first transmission carrier wave nor the frequency of the second transmission carrier wave agrees with each of the frequency of the modulated wave and the frequency fTX, the degradation of the modulation precision on a transmission side can be prevented. Also, because the frequency of the first transmission carrier wave is halved, the interference of the first transmission carrier wave with the transmission signal band can be reduced.

Abstract: A wireless terminal device includes a transmitting circuit, an isolator, a band pass filter, a switch, a transmitting antenna, a receiving circuit, a band pass filter, a switch, a receiving antenna, a high-pass filter, a low-pass filter and an input/output port. A transmission wave of a frequency is conveyed from the transmitting circuit to the input/output port via the isolator, the band pass filter and the low pass filter, and further to a vehicle antenna. Here, the transmission wave in the direction towards the receiving circuit is blocked by the high-pass filter. On the other hand, a reception wave of a frequency is conveyed from the vehicle antenna to the input/output port, and to the receiving circuit via the high-pass filter and the band pass filter. Here, the reception wave in the direction towards the transmitting circuit is blocked by the low-pass filter.

Abstract: A level of a base band signal at an input side of a variable gain amplification circuit is detected by a logarithmic amplifier having a wide input voltage range at a start of an operation, a control unit then performs a coarse feedforward control on a gain of the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level and finds a level of an output of an A/D converter by a mean square deriving circuit and inputs the resulting signal to the control unit. Then the control unit performs a fine feedback control on the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level.

Abstract: The present invention enhances the reliability of wire-bonding strength by reducing a variation in the entire transformation amount of a wire. At point P1, a bonding wedge 21 abuts the wire 71, whereby a load is exerted on the wire 71. The wire 71 transforms by an amount of transformation A, and the transformation stops at point P2. The transformation amount A varies greatly. At point P3 (T1), ultrasonic wave vibration is exerted and the transformation of the wire 71 is restarted. At this stage, a variation in the transformation amount A is absorbed by an amount of transformation B and therefore a variation in the transformation amount A+B becomes small. At point P4 (T1+T2), the transformation amount A+B is maintained substantially constant. At this point P4, the transformation amount of the wire 71 is set to 0 and the measurement of the transformation amount of the wire 71 is started.

Abstract: An abrasion-proof and static-erasing coating is formed on the contact surface of a contact image sensor. The coating comprises a first film having a high hardness and a low conductivity, a second film formed on the first film and having a low hardness and a high conductivity, and a third film having a high hardness and a high resistivity providing an abrasion-proof insulating external surface.

Abstract: A level of a base band signal at an input side of a variable gain amplification circuit is detected by a logarithmic amplifier having a wide input voltage range at a start of an operation, a control unit then performs a coarse feedforward control on a gain of the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level and finds a level of an output of an A/D converter by a mean square deriving circuit and inputs the resulting signal to the control unit. Then the control unit performs a fine feedback control on the variable gain amplifier based on the detected level.

Abstract: A jig for inspecting the appearance of small parts with an optical microscope, the jig is equipped with a base, having an upper flat surface which becomes a mounting stage of the optical microscope, and is also provided with a member for moving the upper flat surface at least in a direction approximately parallel to a direction of an optical axis of an objective lens of the optical microscope in order to focus the optical microscope on an inspection portion of the small parts mounted on the upper flat surface. The jig is also equipped with an inspection-object supporting portion, provided with a member for supporting the small parts at the predetermined portion on the base. Furthermore, the jig is equipped with reflecting mirrors which have a mirrorlike surface with an inclined angle of approximately 45 degrees to the upper flat surface of the base.

Abstract: An administrator of a system 10 sells an own company's or another company's commodity to a user via a facsimile, telephone, and electronic mail in order to deal with another company's commodity and support and correspond to diversifying customer purchase needs without suffering from inventory. A user information storage device 14 is provided so as to store an amount of payment for a commodity and support, which is determined by a user and dealer, together with user information. A buying-in information storage device 15 is provided so as to store a buying-in price of the commodity and support from a provider thereof. A reception device 11 is provided so as to receive purchase request information from a user 1. A reception processing device 13 is provided so as to consolidate the purchase request information and perform an order acceptance process in accordance with the purchase request information.