Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and assays for quantifying brain-derived exosomes in biological samples from subjects before, during, and after surgery. The disclosure also provides methods and compositions for measuring and/or prognosing brain damage during surgery. The compositions and methods of the disclosure are also useful for preventing and/or treating brain damage in subjects undergoing surgery and predicting postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) and/or predicting postoperative delirium (POD).

Abstract: Employed is an information acquisition apparatus which acquires characteristic information about an object using a reception signal of acoustic waves generated by the object that is irradiated with light, the apparatus having: region acquisition unit for acquiring information indicating a plurality of regions of mutually different characteristics, in the object; sound velocity determination unit for determining sound velocity in the plurality of regions, using the information indicating the plurality of regions; and characteristic information acquisition unit for acquiring the characteristic information about the object, using the sound velocity and the reception signal.

Abstract: An object information obtaining system disclosed herein includes a holding member that holds an object; a probe that detects acoustic waves at a plurality of positions and obtains a plurality of time-series detection signals, the acoustic waves having occurred inside the object and having propagated through the holding member; and a signal processor that obtains a first frequency signal on the basis of the plurality of time-series detection signals, that obtains a second frequency signal, in which phase modulation is corrected, by performing, on the first frequency signal, correction of phase modulation of the acoustic waves due to the holding member, and that obtains object information inside the object on the basis of the second frequency signal, in which the phase modulation is corrected.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus is provided, which includes: a signal initialization unit that acquires an initial value of a pressure signal that is obtained after receive, by a receiving unit, of an elasticity wave from an object; an impulse response initialization unit that acquires an initial value of an impulse response of the receiving unit; and an output unit that outputs a modified pressure signal, wherein the output unit has: a signal modifying unit that modifies the pressure signal in use of the impulse response; a signal constraining unit that modifies the pressure signal based on a plurality of constraint conditions; an impulse response modifying unit that modifies the impulse response; and an impulse response constraining unit that modifies the impulse response based on constraint conditions which are time-bandwidth characteristics, and wherein the output unit generates the modified pressure signal by iteratively executing the processes.

Abstract: An object information obtaining system disclosed herein includes a holding member that holds an object; a probe that detects acoustic waves at a plurality of positions and obtains a plurality of time-series detection signals, the acoustic waves having occurred inside the object and having propagated through the holding member; and a signal processor that obtains a first frequency signal on the basis of the plurality of time-series detection signals, that obtains a second frequency signal, in which phase modulation is corrected, by performing, on the first frequency signal, correction of phase modulation of the acoustic waves due to the holding member, and that obtains object information inside the object on the basis of the second frequency signal, in which the phase modulation is corrected.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus is provided, which includes: a signal initialization unit that acquires an initial value of a pressure signal that is obtained after receive, by a receiving unit, of an elasticity wave from an object; an impulse response initialization unit that acquires an initial value of an impulse response of the receiving unit; and an output unit that outputs a modified pressure signal, wherein the output unit has: a signal modifying unit that modifies the pressure signal in use of the impulse response; a signal constraining unit that modifies the pressure signal based on a plurality of constraint conditions; an impulse response modifying unit that modifies the impulse response; and an impulse response constraining unit that modifies the impulse response based on constraint conditions which are time-bandwidth characteristics, and wherein the output unit generates the modified pressure signal by iteratively executing the processes.

Abstract: A communication device includes a division circuit configured to divide a data block received from a network into a plurality of cells, a plurality of processing circuits, each configured to execute predetermined processing with respect to the plurality of cells received from the division circuit, an assembling circuit configured to assemble the data block from the plurality of cells received from the plurality of processing circuits, and a first control circuit configured to determine whether or not mismatch is present in a plurality of calculation results stored in the cell, wherein at least two of the division circuit, the plurality of processing circuits, and the assembling circuit store the calculation result of error check calculation with respect to at least one of the plurality of cells, in the cell.

Abstract: In a network relay device, a routing table stores information of a transfer destination of a packet. A forwarding unit determines the transfer destination of a packet based on information of the routing table. A switch unit switches output destinations of the packet to the forwarding unit based on the determination of a transfer destination by the forwarding unit. A diagnostic packet generator generates a diagnostic packet that circulates through an active path within the device based on the information of the routing table. A diagnostic packet transmitter sends out a diagnostic packet generated by the diagnostic packet generator to the forwarding unit via the switch unit.

Abstract: It is intended to propose a technique whereby a nerve cell is morphologically analyzed automatically based on a three-dimensional image of the nerve cell. First, a dendritic projection is traced by using the scale space method. In this step, irregularities are reduced by using the ?-convolution smoothing method and thus the center line of the dendritic projection is identified. Next, a negative curvature is searched for by the Hess tensor method. The part corresponding to the negative curvature in all coordinate axes is judged as the area occupied by “heads”. The center of this area (heads) is referred to as the spine position. Approximation is made on the assumption that the spine head has an ellipsoidal shape. Thus, the minor diameter, medium diameter and major diameter of the ellipsoid are calculated. From the spine position, a perpendicular line is dropped toward the dendritic projection closest thereto and this perpendicular line is considered as the column part.

Abstract: A communication processing device includes: a judging section, a distributing section, a congestion rate calculating section, and a reading section. The judging section judges whether each of received packets is a diagnosing packet and that classifies the received packets into at least first packets belonging to a first class for which a bandwidth is guaranteed and second packets belonging to a second class for which a bandwidth is not guaranteed according to respective priorities of the received packets. The distributing section distributes the first packets and the second packets to the first class and the second class, respectively. The congestion rate calculating section calculates a congestion rate of the first packets, using a reading rate of the first packets. The reading section preferentially reads a packet judged to be the diagnosing packet among the second packets on the basis of the congestion rate calculated.

Abstract: A guide for a traveling transmission medium such as a timing chain comprises a resin shoe for sliding contact with the transmission medium, supported on a base frame having an two flanges and a web in an I-shaped cross-section. The base frame is produced from aluminum by die casting, using a three-part mold. Two parts of the mold cooperate to form a part of the mold cavity that forms one of the flanges and the web of the base frame, and a third part of the mold cooperates with the first two parts to form a part of the cavity in which the other flange of the base frame is formed without a draft.

Abstract: It is intended to propose a technique whereby a nerve cell is morphologically analyzed automatically based on a three-dimensional image of the nerve cell. First, a dendritic projection is traced by using the scale space method. In this step, irregularities are reduced by using the ?-convolution smoothing method and thus the center line of the dendritic projection is identified. Next, a negative curvature is searched for by the Hess tensor method. The part corresponding to the negative curvature in all coordinate axes is judged as the area occupied by “heads”. The center of this area (heads) is referred to as the spine position. Approximation is made on the assumption that the spine head has an ellipsoidal shape. Thus, the minor diameter, medium diameter and major diameter of the ellipsoid are calculated. From the spine position, a perpendicular line is dropped toward the dendritic projection closest thereto and this perpendicular line is considered as the column part.

Abstract: A guide for a traveling transmission medium such as a timing chain comprises a resin shoe for sliding contact with the transmission medium, supported on a base frame having an two flanges and a web in an I-shaped cross-section. The base frame is produced from aluminum by die casting, using a three-part mold. Two parts of the mold cooperate to form a part of the mold cavity that forms one of the flanges and the web of the base frame, and a third part of the mold cooperates with the first two parts to form a part of the cavity in which the other flange of the base frame is formed without a draft.

Abstract: A dual apparatus having a first unit and a second unit of a same configuration, one being operated in an active state while the other in a standby state. Each of these first and second units comprises a first selector for setting a current unit to the active state if a predetermined fault occurs in the other unit; a second selector for sending information indicative of the setting of the current unit to the active state, if a predetermined fault occurs in the other unit and the first selector selects a first act state, to the other unit and, setting the current unit to the standby state, if the predetermined fault does not take place in the other unit and the first selector selects the active state and a state indicated by information supplied from the other unit is the active state; and a register for holding one of the active and standby states selected by the second selector.