Abstract: There are provided a catalyst layer that improves power generation efficiency, a membrane electrode assembly, a fuel cell using the membrane electrode assembly, and a method of producing the membrane electrode assembly. Specifically, there are provided a catalyst layer including at least a first catalyst material and a second catalyst material which is different from the first catalyst material, in which the first catalyst material includes a polyacid having a thiol group, and the first catalyst material and the second catalyst material are bound to each other through a thiol bond; a membrane electrode assembly having the catalyst layer; a fuel cell having the membrane electrode assembly; a method of producing the catalyst layer; and a method of producing the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a complex formed by the coordination between a thiol group-containing compound and a silver ion; an antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral agent containing the same as the active agent; and an antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral composition containing the above agent and a vehicle or a carrier.The agent has a wide antibacterial and antifungal spectrum and an antiviral activity, is well compatible with various vehicles and carriers, sustains its activity for long, and has reduced peroral toxicity, skin irritation and mucosa irritation.