Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for analyzing biomolecules are presented. The methods include dividing of sample molecules into multiple fragments, spatially separating these fragments while maintaining knowledge of their original ordering, and analyzing individual fragments. Apparatuses and methods detailed provide for the spatial separation of sample fragments while maintaining their original ordering. In one embodiment, a sample molecule (2902) is attached to a top surface (2804) of a layer (2802). Layer (2802) is extended such that sample molecule (2902) is divided into fragments (3002), and fragments (3002) are spatially separated. Other embodiments are described and shown.

Abstract: Improved labeled molecule probes for use in biomedical applications including the sequencing of nucleic acid molecules and methods and apparatuses for their use are detailed. Labeled-probe-assemblies, comprising a probe element, for binding to a target molecule, attached to a label-assembly further comprising a linear series of information encoded structures and means for spatially separating these structures, are presented together with methods for extending the label assemblies such that the information encoded structures can be individually resolved, substantially simultaneously, by a readout device.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating an assembly having functional blocks coupling to a substrate. The method includes providing the substrate with receptor sites wherein each of the receptor sites is designed to couple to one of the functional blocks. Electrodes are coupled to the substrate. The electrodes cover the receptor sites such that portions of the receptor sites are coated with the electrodes. Applying a voltage source to the electrodes using a first electrical circuit such that each electrode has a voltage different from another electrode. The electrodes form an electric field. The functional blocks having electronic devices and being in a slurry solution are dispensed over the substrate. Each functional block is fabricated out of materials having a high dielectric constant such that said functional blocks are attracted to the higher field strength regions and are guided to the receptor sites.

Abstract: Methods for fabricating an assembly having functional blocks coupling to a substrate. The method includes providing the substrate with receptor sites wherein each of the receptor sites is designed to couple to one of the functional blocks. Electrodes are coupled to the substrate. The electrodes cover the receptor sites such that portions of the receptor sites are coated with the electrodes. Applying a voltage source to the electrodes using a first electrical circuit such that each electrode has a voltage different from another electrode. The electrodes form an electric field. The functional blocks having electronic devices and being in a slurry solution are dispensed over the substrate. Each functional block is fabricated out of materials having a high dielectric constant such that said functional blocks are attracted to the higher field strength regions and are guided to the receptor sites.