Abstract: A method of developing hexaploid (2n=6x=42) and octoploid (2n=8x=56) turf-type perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and Festulolium [(American Ryegrass), x Festulolium loliaceum (Huds.) P. Fourn. (Festuca pratensis Huds. x Lolium perenne)], and their hybrids with Tall Fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) including germplasm, cultivars and seed used to produce the grass are provided. These grasses are useful as an improved turfgrass on golf courses, athletic fields and other areas using seeded turfgrasses. The grasses will provide a green improved winter performance and drought tolerance.

Abstract: A method for producing 100% sexual cultivars of a grass plant developed from facultative apomictic germplasm. Sexual cultivars of Kentucky bluegrass include those of breeder's codes: AKB020, AKB413, AKB419, AKB484, AKB357, and AKB397. Additionally, disclosed is a method for producing hybrid apomictic plants from hybridization of a completely sexual parent with a facultative or apomictic parent, including those of breeder's codes AKB1661, AKB1658, AKB3605, AKB2839, AKB2949, AKB3128, AKB3179, AKB3201, AKB3216, AKB3241.

Abstract: A new turfgrass APMT 008 (ATCC Accession No. PTA-126635). A method of over-seeding dormant warm season grasses, including over-seeding the warm season grass with Turf Type Festulolium (American Ryegrass) such that the American Ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increase to the point which allow the warm-season grass to regrow. A method to maintain green coverage of turf year-round including planting a warm season grass, and over-seeding the warm season grass with American Ryegrass. The method where the American Ryegrass is selected from the group consisting of breeder's codes: APMT001, APMT002, APMT003, APMT004, APMT005, APMT006, APMT007, APMT008, APMT009, APMT010, and APMT011.

Abstract: A new turfgrass APMT 005 (ATCC Accession No. PTA-126634). A method of over-seeding dormant warm season grasses, including over-seeding the warm season grass with Turf Type Festulolium (American Ryegrass) such that the American Ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increase to the point which allow the warm-season grass to regrow. A method to maintain green coverage of turf year-round including planting a warm season grass, and over-seeding the warm season grass with American Ryegrass. The method where the American Ryegrass is APMT005.

Abstract: The disclosed devices, systems and methods relate to various devices, systems and methods related to objectively analyzing digital images of turfgrass to rate various parameters and to objectively measure overall quality. The system establishes thresholds and may execute a series of steps to determine green coverage, color, density, and uniformity. The system can scale images to determine uniformity.

Abstract: The disclosed devices, systems and methods relate to various devices, systems and methods related to objectively analyzing digital images of turfgrass to rate various parameters and to objectively measure overall quality. The system establishes thresholds and may execute a series of steps to determine green coverage, color, density, and uniformity. The system can scale images to determine uniformity.

Abstract: A method of over-seeding dormant warm season grasses, including over-seeding the warm season grass with Turf Type Festulolium (American Ryegrass) such that the American Ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increase to the point which allow the warm-season grass to regrow. A method for maintaining green coverage of turf year-round including planting a warm season grass, and over-seeding the warm season grass with American Ryegrass. The method where the American Ryegrass is selected from the group consisting of breeder's codes: APMT001, APMT002, APMT003, APMT004, APMT005, APMT006, APMT007, APMT008, APMT009, APMT010, and APMT011.

Abstract: A method of over-seeding dormant warm season grasses, including over-seeding the warm season grass with Turf Type Festulolium (American Ryegrass) such that the American Ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increase to the point which allow the warm-season grass to regrow. A method maintain green coverage of turf year-round including planting a warm season grass, and over-seeding the warm season grass with American Ryegrass. The method where the American Ryegrass is selected from the group consisting of breeder's codes: APMT001, APMT002, APMT003, APMT004, APMT005, APMT006, APMT007, APMT008, APMT009, APMT010, and APMT011.

Abstract: Methods and processes for producing mulch products are disclosed. A mulch product that includes a fertilizer, at least one seed, and a mulch, and methods and processes for producing mulch products are detailed. The mulch includes wood pellets formed from processed raw sawdust that has been ground. The ground sawdust is formed into pellets, such as by compression. The pellets are then crumbled to form the wood pellets to have a substantially regular outer surface that minimizes engagement with the at least one seed.

Abstract: A method of over-seeding dormant warm season grasses, including over-seeding the warm season grass with Turf Type Festulolium (American Ryegrass) such that the American Ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increase to the point which allow the warm-season grass to regrow. A method maintain green coverage of turf year-round including planting a warm season grass, and over-seeding the warm season grass with American Ryegrass. The method where the American Ryegrass is selected from the group consisting of breeder's codes: APMT001, APMT002, APMT003, APMT004, APMT005, APMT006, APMT007, APMT008, APMT009, APMT010, and APMT011.

Abstract: The disclosed devices, systems and methods relate to various devices, systems and methods related to objectively analyzing digital images of turfgrass to rate various parameters and to objectively measure overall quality. The system establishes thresholds and may execute a series of steps to determine green coverage, color, density, and uniformity. The system can scale images to determine uniformity.

Abstract: American ryegrass varieties and seed used to produce the grass are provided. The grass is useful as a short lived, improved turfgrass on golf courses, athletic fields and other areas using seeded turfgrasses. The grass is useful in overseeding of dormant warm season grasses since its lack of heat tolerance allows for a smooth transition for the warm-season grass. The grass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increases to the point which allow the warm-season grass to grow. In more temperate climates American ryegrass will provide a permanent turf more cold tolerance, with good winter color, and better drought tolerance and persistence than perennial ryegrass.

Abstract: Methods and processes for producing mulch products are disclosed. A mulch product that includes a fertilizer, at least one seed, and a mulch, and methods and processes for producing mulch products are detailed. The mulch includes wood pellets formed from processed raw sawdust that has been ground. The ground sawdust is formed into pellets, such as by compression. The pellets are then crumbled to form the wood pellets to have a substantially regular outer surface that minimizes engagement with the at least one seed.

Abstract: A tetraploid perennial ryegrass variety known as breeder's code T3, and seed used to produce the grass are provided. The grass is useful as a short lived, improved turfgrass on golf courses, athletic fields and other areas using seeded turfgrasses. The grass is also useful in overseeding of dormant warm season grasses since its lack of heat tolerance allows for a smooth transition for the warm-season grass. The ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increases to the point which allow the warm-season grass to grow.

Abstract: A meadow fescue variety known as breeder's code AM 107 and seed used to produce the grass are provided. Methods of using the grass plant and the seed are also provided. This grass is suitable for use in turf (lawns, golf courses, sod, and other areas where excellent turf quality is desired) and for overseeing Bermudagrass. This grass has superior cold tolerance and has a rapid transition.

Abstract: A tetraploid perennial ryegrass variety known as breeder's code T3, and seed used to produce the grass are provided. The grass is useful as a short lived, improved turfgrass on golf courses, athletic fields and other areas using seeded turfgrasses. The grass is also useful in overseeding of dormant warm season grasses since its lack of heat tolerance allows for a smooth transition for the warm-season grass. The ryegrass will provide a green cover during the winter months but will die out when the temperatures increases to the point which allow the warm-season grass to grow.

Abstract: A meadow fescue variety known as breeder's code AMF 107 and seed used to produce the grass are provided. Methods of using the grass plant and the seed are also provided. This grass is suitable for use in turf (lawns, golf courses, sod, and other areas where excellent turf quality is desired) and for overseeding Bermudagrass. This grass has superior cold tolerance and has a rapid transition.