Abstract: Less-than-diploid I. orientalis cells are produced. The cells have at least one unpaired chromosome and may be haploid, i.e., are missing one member of each pair of chromosomes that are present in the wild-type strains. The less-than-diploid cells are useful fermentation strains, performing similarly to diploid strains that are otherwise similarly engineered. The less-than-diploid strains can be mated to produce diploids, which themselves are useful fermentation strains. The less-than-diploid strains are also useful as host strains for producing further genetically modified strains that can be less-than-diploid or mated to produce diploids.

Abstract: Less-than-diploid I. orientalis cells are produced. The cells have at least one unpaired chromosome and may be haploid, i.e., are missing one member of each pair of chromosomes that are present in the wild-type strains. The less-than-diploid cells are useful fermentation strains, performing similarly to diploid strains that are otherwise similarly engineered. The less-than-diploid strains can be mated to produce diploids, which themselves are useful fermentation strains. The less-than-diploid strains are also useful as host strains for producing further genetically modified strains that can be less-than-diploid or mated to produce diploids.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active succinate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce succinate.

Abstract: A system for editing of a target sequence at a locus of a host cell is disclosed. The system has a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid segment comprising a targeting RNA sequence and an RNA segment that binds a protein. The system also has a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid segment encoding a polypeptide with endonuclease activity fused to a protein that binds the RNA segment. The system also comprises a double stranded DNA molecule comprising DNA comprising at least one nucleotide sequence that is capable of binding to the target sequence at the locus.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active succinate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce succinate.

Abstract: A system for editing of a target sequence at a locus of a host cell is disclosed. The system has a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid segment comprising a targeting RNA sequence and an RNA segment that binds a protein. The system also has a nucleic acid molecule comprising a nucleic acid segment encoding a polypeptide with endonuclease activity fused to a protein that binds the RNA segment. The system also comprises a double stranded DNA molecule comprising DNA comprising at least one nucleotide sequence that is capable of binding to the target sequence at the locus.

Abstract: Less-than-diploid I. orientalis cells are produced. The cells have at least one unpaired chromosome and may be haploid, i.e., are missing one member of each pair of chromosomes that are present in the wild-type strains. The less-than-diploid cells are useful fermentation strains, performing similarly to diploid strains that are otherwise similarly engineered. The less-than-diploid strains can be mated to produce diploids, which themselves are useful fermentation strains. The less-than-diploid strains are also useful as host strains for producing further genetically modified strains that can be less-than-diploid or mated to produce diploids.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active succinate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce succinate.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active succinate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce succinate.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active malate fermentation pathway and/or an active fumarate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce malate and/or fumarate.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active malate fermentation pathway and/or an active fumarate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce malate and/or fumarate.

Abstract: The present application provides genetically modified yeast cell comprising an active succinate fermentation pathway, as well as methods of using these cells to produce succinate.