Abstract: A method of delivering exogenous molecules, comprising: providing a plurality of cells having a cell membrane; adding a plurality of exogenous molecules to the cells; exposing the cells to a defocused infrared (IR) light to permeabilize the cell membrane of the cells; and delivering the exogenous molecules to the cells through the permeablized cell membrane, wherein an intensity of the IR light at the optical focus is at least greater than or equal to an order of 104 W/cm2.

Abstract: An embodiment of a system is provided herein, wherein the system allows for the analysis and selection of numerous experimental conditions to optimize transfection efficiency and cell viability. The system is used for magnetic particle based nucleic acid delivery by optimizing various parameters. The system comprises a control module; an incubation module for incubating magnetic nanoparticle and nucleic acid; a transfection module and an analysis module.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode assembly is presented. The indirectly heated cathode assembly includes at least one electron source for generating a first electron beam, an emitter for producing a second electron beam when heated by the first electron beam and a focusing electrode for controlling, and directing the first electron beam towards the emitter.

Abstract: A system for delivering exogenous molecules comprises a support for containing cells and exogenous molecules; an infra-red (IR) light source that generates an IR optical beam with an average power density at least greater than 105 W/cm2; one or more optical elements; an imaging system to image the cells in a field of view; a processor that generates a signal for localization of cells in the field of view; a light pattern shaper for temporal focusing of optical beam to generate wide field illumination on the cells to permeabilise the cell membrane for delivering the exogenous molecules; and a controller that switches optical beam from wide field illumination to a focused illumination. The processor is operatively coupled to the imaging system and the light pattern shaper and transmits the signal for the localization of cells to ensure the temporal focusing of the optical beam on the cells.

Abstract: A method of delivering exogenous molecules, comprising: providing a plurality of cells having a cell membrane; adding a plurality of exogenous molecules to the cells; exposing the cells to a defocused infrared (IR) light to permeabilize the cell membrane of the cells; and delivering the exogenous molecules to the cells through the permeablized cell membrane, wherein an intensity of the IR light at the optical focus is at least greater than or equal to an order of 104 W/cm2.

Abstract: An indirectly heated cathode assembly is presented. The indirectly heated cathode assembly includes at least one electron source for generating a first electron beam, an emitter for producing a second electron beam when heated by the first electron beam and a focusing electrode for controlling, and directing the first electron beam towards the emitter.

Abstract: The present invention is directed toward a method for fabricating low-defect nanostructures of wide bandgap materials and to optoelectronic devices, such as light emitting sources and lasers, based on them. The invention utilizes nanolithographically-defined templates to form nanostructures of wide bandgap materials that are energetically unfavorable for dislocation formation. In particular, this invention provides a method for the fabrication of phosphor-less monolithic white light emitting diodes and laser diodes that can be used for general illumination and other applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a nano-calorimeter device operable for measuring and characterizing the thermodynamic and other physical properties of materials that are confined to essentially nano-scale dimensions. The nano-calorimeter device including a thin film membrane having a first surface and a second surface. The nano-calorimeter device also including a frame structure disposed adjacent to and in thermal contact with the first surface of the thin film membrane, the frame structure defining a plurality of hollow cells adjacent to and in thermal contact with the first surface of the thin film membrane.

Abstract: One method empirically determines a stiffness value for each of two or more different subsets of the bristles of a brush seal, then calculates a variation in stiffness, and then identifies the brush seal as defective if the calculated variation in stiffness exceeds a predetermined stiffness variation criteria. One apparatus includes a load transducer having a contact head sized to contact less than twenty percent of the bristles, a displacement transducer which measures the displacement of the free ends of the contacted bristles, and a clamp for securing the brush seal and presenting the bristles for contact.