Abstract: Electrically charging liquid droplets by causing a liquid sheet to expand in area and to break up into droplets in a region adjacent to an electrode.

Abstract: Electrically charging liquid droplets by causing a liquid sheet to expand in area and to break up into droplets in a region adjacent to an electrode.

Abstract: A silicon substrate adapted for large scale integrated electronic circuits upon a lower surface has its upper surface coated with a highly porous heat sink film. The film is composed of a porous metal, preferably aluminum, formed by vacuum deposition (evaporation or sputtering) at a high pressure of an inactive gas. The gas can have a pressure of from about 0.5-100 millitorr, and a suitable gas is argon. A porous aluminum film with interconnected nucleation sites which are in the form of reservoir type cavities is manufactured on a silicon surface. The cavities tend to trap vapor of a liquid coolant in contact with the thin film contained in a package enclosing the substrate and its integrated circuit. Cooling fins can be used to cool the coolant.

Abstract: A visual display panel wherein a beam of light is internally reflected within an elastomer film and guided across the panel, and an electric field is applied at selected areas of the elastomer film by applying a voltage between at least one pair of upper and lower conducting lines deposited in parallel rows on opposite sides of the elastomer film causing deformation of the elastomer film at the cross-over regions of the upper and lower lines and diversion of the light. More particularly, a source of light is provided at the edge of the elastomer film and directs the light into the elastomer film at an angle which permits complete internal reflection across the elastomer film, except at the locations where the film is deformed. The upper set of parallel conducting lines extend in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the lower set of parallel conducting lines on the other side of the elastomer film. The elastomer film is elastic, transparent and electrically insulating and may be several mils thick.

Abstract: Apparatus for the high performance collection of gas entrained particulate, especially submicron particulate, consisting of a fluidized bed of collection sites with an electric field imposed on the bed so that the particulate to be collected, which is charged prior to entering the bed with the fluidizing gas, is electrically induced to agglomerate with the bed particles and the collected matter is removed in a fluidized state with the bed particles, which can consist of the collected material itself.