Abstract: The components of aqueous ammonium fluoride solutions are recovered as ammonia and potassium fluoride by adding potassium hydroxide, distilling to remove and secure the ammonia, concentrating the remaining solution and combining it with a water soluble, dipolar, aprotic solvent, such as N-methylpyrrolidone, and distilling to remove the remaining water to obtain the potassium fluoride as a slurry in the solvent. Slurries of potassium fluoride are useful in the replacement of chloride in heterocyclyl and aryl chlorides by fluoride.

Abstract: Mono- or dimethylol compounds having water solubilities of 3 grams or less per 100 grams of water are electrochemically oxidized to the corresponding mono- or dicarboxylic acids at activated nickel oxide anodes. The methylol compounds are adducts of 1,2-alkylene oxides with phenols, pyridinols, bisphenols, phenoxy- or pyridinyloxypyridinols or are polycycloaliphatics ring-substituted with one or two CH.sub.2 OH groups.

Abstract: The invention is an improved process for preparing epoxy resin/phosphoric acid reaction products having high enough phosphomonoester contents to be water-dispersible (as base salts) and low enough free acid contents to yield water-resistant cured coatings. The phosphoric acid is provided as an acid source material deriveable by the reaction of a hydroxylic P--OH functionality-limiting agent (blocking agent) with phosphoric anhydride as such or as a reaction product thereof with less than six molecular proportions of water. A resin solvent, which may also function as the P--OH blocking agent but otherwise is inert and acceptable as part of the final coating resin formulation, is employed as the reaction medium. The epoxide/acid reaction is allowed to proceed, effectively in the absence of water, until the content in the reaction mixture of species indistinguishable from H.sub.3 PO.sub.4 by base-titration has dropped to a minimum.

Abstract: Cyclic nitrile sulfites are prepared by reacting the corresponding amide with sulfur dioxide in a solvent and in the presence of an oxidizing agent, e.g., lead tetraacetate, and a catalyst, e.g., triethylamine.