Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance sensor or critical angle sensor has a reflecting surface which is optically flat and exposed to air on one side. Light reflecting from a sensing surface of the sensor which impinges on the reflecting surface at an angle which is less than the critical angle passes into the air whereas light which impinges at an angle which is equal to or greater than the critical angle is reflected onto a photodetector. The critical angle reflection from the reflecting surface provides a total internal reflection (TIR) characteristic which is used to calibrate the sensor.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor (10) is disclosed. The sensor (10) includes a light source (18) and polarizer (20), which emit polarized light toward a surface plasmon layer (22). Light is reflected from the surface plasmon layer (22) at many angles, toward a photodetector array (26) via a mirror surface (24). The surface plasmon layer (22) includes a resonance film (30), such as gold, and a hard protective layer (32). The hard protective layer (32) is of a thickness below the sensing range (R) of the SPR sensor (10), and protects the resonance film (30) from damage. Materials useful as the hard protective layer (32) include silicon carbide (SiC), diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, beryllium oxide, and tantalum oxide.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance sensor or critical angle sensor has a reflecting surface which is optically flat and exposed to air on one side. Light reflecting from a sensing surface of the sensor which impinges on the reflecting surface at an angle which is less than the critical angle passes into the air whereas light which impinges at an angle which is equal to or greater than the critical angle is reflected onto a photodetector. The critical angle reflection from the reflecting surface provides a total internal reflection (TIR) characteristic which is used to calibrate the sensor.

Abstract: A rapid sensor calibration technique applied prior to each Sensor 9 measuring a beverage in which water (zero Brix), at same temperature as beverage, is drawn from a Water Supply 3 via Valve 6 and passed over the fixed optic Sensor 9 in order to reference out any sensor temperature changes or beverage temperature changes or sensor surface fouling by the dispensed beverage. This technique of continuous and multiple calibrations, provides an enhanced “beverage dispensing system” calibration beyond that achievable using known calibration methods associated with automatically sensing and controlling beverage quality for soft drinks from a fountain dispenser using, for example, water at a specific temperature to initially calibrate Sensor 9, or using a high quality beverage, from a bottle, for example, at a known Brix level to initially calibrate Sensor 9.

Abstract: A rapid sensor calibration technique applied prior to each Sensor 9 measuring a beverage in which water (zero Brix), at same temperature as beverage, is drawn from a Water Supply 3 via Valve 6 and passed over the fixed optic Sensor 9 in order to reference out any sensor temperature changes or beverage temperature changes or sensor surface fouling by the dispensed beverage. This technique of continuous and multiple calibrations, provides an enhanced “beverage dispensing system” calibration beyond that achievable using known calibration methods associated with automatically sensing and controlling beverage quality for soft drinks from a fountain dispenser using, for example, water at a specific temperature to initially calibrate Sensor 9, or using a high quality beverage, from a bottle, for example, at a known Brix level to initially calibrate Sensor 9.

Abstract: A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensor (10) is disclosed. The sensor (10) includes a light source (18) and polarizer (20), which emit polarized light toward a surface plasmon layer (22). Light is reflected from the surface plasmon layer (22) at many angles, toward a photodetector array (26) via a mirror surface (24). The surface plasmon layer (22) includes a resonance film (30), such as gold, and a hard protective layer (32). The hard protective layer (32) is of a thickness below the sensing range (R) of the SPR sensor (10), and protects the resonance film (30) from damage. Materials useful as the hard protective layer (32) include silicon carbide (SiC), diamond-like carbon (DLC), silicon dioxide, silicon nitride, titanium oxide, titanium nitride, aluminum oxide, aluminum nitride, beryllium oxide, and tantalum oxide.

Abstract: A polysilicon micromotor, of either inner rotor or outer rotor design, is fabricated with a process that uses as few as three mask steps. In an outer rotor (wobble) micromotor, a free-rotating insulating flange bearing mechanically couples the inner periphery of the rotor to the stator, permitting the outer periphery of the rotor to be directly coupled to other mechanisms. The dielectric constant of the flange bearing increases motive torque of the motor as contrasted with air-gap designs. This and other factors results in motive torque, in the illustrated embodiment, more than 100 times larger than in previous designs. Among its other benefits, the disclosed fabrication process results in in-place formation of all motor elements, and enables precise definition of the rotor/stator gap.