Abstract: The invention provides a high temperature, damage tolerant candle filter (4) made of a porous ceramic material which is designed so that, if it fails, it does not fail catastrophically. The ceramic candle filter includes a hollow tube (14) having an open end, a closed end and a porous outer wall therebetween. The porous wall is made of a fiber ceramic reinforcement material impregnated with ceramic particles and a fugitive material that is substantially removed from the fiber ceramic reinforcement material or partially converting into a permeable material to provide porosity. The reinforcement material is generally strong enough to absorb the initial explosion force created when the ceramic particle carrier fails during, for example, reverse pressurization of the candle filter, thereby preventing the ceramic pieces from becoming projectiles.

Abstract: A heat exchanger tube (2, 2a, 2b) is made using a hollow, impermeable, monolithic ceramic inner tube (4) and wrapping the inner tube with a circumferentially extending reinforcing material (12) impregnated with a slurry of ceramic particles, particle carrier medium and thermoset binder. The combination of the inner tube and the impregnated reinforcing material is first heated to solidify the thermoset binder. The combination is then sintered to drive off the particle carrier medium and themoset binder to create a two-layer heat exchanger tube including the inner tube and an outer tube (6).

Abstract: Fluid permeable candle filter comprising a self supporting tube a filter layer and a filter layer. The self supporting tube comprises ceramic oxide fibers and silicate ceramic oxide bonding phase.

Abstract: Fluid permeable filter material comprising a self supporting fluid permeable wall and a fluid permeable filter layer. The self supporting wall comprises ceramic oxide fibers, ceramic oxide particles, and silicate ceramic oxide bonding phase. The filter layer comprises non-woven ceramic oxide fibers and silicate ceramic oxide bonding phase.