Abstract: A concentric symmetrical branched heat exchanger system includes an inlet manifold that divides the product flow evenly in the first section of the system and also includes an array of tubular concentric heat exchangers arranged in parallel and in series. Flow through each leg of the system can be divided further with secondary manifolds. Division of the product flow enables efficient heat exchange at higher and controllable product flow rates and at lower heat exchanger inlet pressures. Having lower inlet pressures reduces the heat exchanger construction cost and allows attachment of cutting or shaping devices at the exchanger exits to create uniquely shaped pieces. The cutting or shaping devices can be installed at the end of the branched heat exchanger to provide cooling and cutting in one process step while eliminating the material handling step of conveying product to and from a blast freezer or similar cooling device.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and devices for heating or cooling viscous materials such as meat emulsions useful for producing food and other products. The devices include a heat exchanger comprising a first plate, a second plate attached to the first plate, and a first spacer and a second spacer arranged between the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, the first spacer, and the second spacer define at least one temperature controlled passage for a product to pass through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and devices for heating or cooling viscous materials such as meat emulsions useful for producing food and other products. The devices include a heat exchanger comprising a first plate, a second plate attached to the first plate, and a first spacer and a second spacer arranged between the first plate and the second plate. The first plate, the second plate, the first spacer, and the second spacer define at least one temperature controlled passage for a product to pass through the heat exchanger.

Abstract: Gear pumps and methods of using the gear pumps are provided. In general embodiments, the pumps comprise a gear housing defining a passage and having an inlet and an outlet and one or more gears contained within the gear housing. The gears can comprise corresponding bearings that are movably engaged with the gear. The bearings are separated from the passage of the gear housing by one or more seals. The bearings can be contained within a bearing housing attached to the gear housing.

Abstract: Meat emulsion products and methods for producing meat emulsion products are presented. Meat emulsion products are produced that have realistic fiber definition. In an embodiment, the meat emulsion products comprise a protein, a fat and a plurality of colors and/or textures. The meat emulsion products further comprise a plurality of linear strands of fiber-like material affording the meat emulsion product a realistic meat-like appearance.