Abstract: In one embodiment, an assessment system includes an electrical stimulation device configured to generate current, stimulation electrodes configured to apply the current generated by the electrical stimulation device to a neck of a subject at a location that results in stimulation of a phrenic nerve of the subject, a movement sensor configured to sense movement of an upper abdomen of the subject caused by twitching of a diaphragm of the subject responsive to the stimulation of the phrenic nerve, and a controller configured to receive data sensed by the movement sensor, analyze the received data to evaluate the activity of the diaphragm, and generate an assessment of the subject's respiratory function or phrenic nerve.

Abstract: In one embodiment, an assessment system includes an electrical stimulation device configured to generate current, stimulation electrodes configured to apply the current generated by the electrical stimulation device to a neck of a subject at a location that results in stimulation of a phrenic nerve of the subject, a movement sensor configured to sense movement of an upper abdomen of the subject caused by twitching of a diaphragm of the subject responsive to the stimulation of the phrenic nerve, and a controller configured to receive data sensed by the movement sensor, analyze the received data to evaluate the activity of the diaphragm, and generate an assessment of the subject's respiratory function or phrenic nerve.

Abstract: In one embodiment, measuring mitochondrial capacity includes performing arterial occlusions on a patient, measuring oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin within the patient's body during the occlusions, calculating a blood volume correction factor that accounts for a change in blood volume that occurs during the arterial occlusions, and applying the correction factor to the measured oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements to obtain correct oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements.

Abstract: In one embodiment, measuring mitochondrial capacity includes performing arterial occlusions on a patient, measuring oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin within the patient's body during the occlusions, calculating a blood volume correction factor that accounts for a change in blood volume that occurs during the arterial occlusions, and applying the correction factor to the measured oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements to obtain correct oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements.

Abstract: In one embodiment, measuring mitochondrial capacity includes performing arterial occlusions on a patient, measuring oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin within the patient's body during the occlusions, calculating a blood volume correction factor that accounts for a change in blood volume that occurs during the arterial occlusions, and applying the correction factor to the measured oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements to obtain correct oxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin and deoxygenated hemoglobin/myoglobin measurements.