Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to core-shell particles that are superficially porous, polymer-based, and include organic-inorganic materials. In various embodiments, a non-porous polymer core is surface modified. In various embodiments, a non-porous hybrid organic-inorganic material is in contact with the modified surface of the core, and a porous hybrid organic-inorganic material is in contact with the non-porous hybrid organic-inorganic material. The present disclosure pertains to chromatographic separation devices that comprise such core-shell particles.

Abstract: The present disclosure pertains to non-porous composite particles that are non-porous, polymer-based, organic-inorganic materials. In various embodiments, a non-porous polymer core is surface modified. In various embodiments, a non-porous hybrid organic-inorganic material is disposed on the modified surface of the core. The present disclosure pertains to chromatographic separation devices that comprise such non-porous composite particles.

Abstract: A backlit LCD display apparatus includes an LCD display panel, a light source for backlighting the LCD display panel, a loss-less polarizing element positioned between the backlight and the LCD display panel, and a dimmer device in the form of a twisted nematic LCD cell positioned between the polarizing element, and the LCD display panel

Abstract: A backlight display system having a display screen illuminated directly by high intensity daylight lamps and illuminated indirectly by lower intensity nightlight lamps positioned to reflect their light off the daylight lamps and onto the display screen. The backlight display system includes intensity gradient filters and/or distribution lenses to enhance the uniformity of reflected nightlight, a brightness enhancement filter/diffuser disposed before the display screen, and optical filtering positioned between the illumination sources and the display screen. Photosensor controlled intensity feedback is used to provide smooth continuous dimming transition from a wide range of maximum to minimum intensity. The system also provides a third monochromatic nightlight lamp array for "class A" Night Vision Imaging System (NVIS) compatibility and an override switch to assure that lighting restrictions needed for night-vision are maintained.