Abstract: There are provided soil moisture sensing valves and devices that use osmotic potential of an aqueous solution to control the state of the valves and devices, such as those used in irrigation systems.

Abstract: Expandable drip emitter tubing is provided that can be moved from a compact configuration to an expanded, grid-like configuration. The tubing includes primary tubes supplied with fluid, which in turn feed secondary tubes. The secondary tubes rotatably connect the primary tubes, and allow the primary tubes to move from the compact configuration to the expanded configuration while in the latter configuration maintaining spacing within desired limits. Advantageously, the secondary tubes can be configured to include emission points, thereby increasing the number of emission points and the density of such emission points.