Abstract: A WTRU may initiate access for a PDU session over multiple access networks. The WTRU may register with two or more access networks. For example, the WTRU may register with a 3GPP access network (e.g., LTE Advanced) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi). The WTRU may determine to request a multi-access PDU session for a (e.g., at least one) PDU session. A multi-access PDU session may correspond to a PDU session where the WTRU communicates one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the 3GPP access network and one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the non-3GPP access network. The WTRU may receive a confirmation message indicating that a multi-access PDU session has been established. The WTRU may send uplink data over the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, e.g., in accordance with the established multi-access PDU session.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for changing a layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID) during an ongoing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) session between a source wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a peer WTRU include communicating between the source and a peer WTRUs based on an existing layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID). On a condition that a trigger event occurs, the source WTRU generates a new source L2 ID, communicates the new source L2 ID to the peer WTRU, receives from the peer WTRU a message that responds to the new source L2 ID, and communicates between the source WTRU and the peer WTRU based on the new source L2 ID.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for changing a layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID) during an ongoing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) session between a source wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a peer WTRU include communicating between the source and a peer WTRUs based on an existing layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID). On a condition that a trigger event occurs, the source WTRU generates a new source L2 ID, communicates the new source L2 ID to the peer WTRU, receives from the peer WTRU a message that responds to the new source L2 ID, and communicates between the source WTRU and the peer WTRU based on the new source L2 ID.

Abstract: A method for changing layer 2 (L2) identifiers (ID)s during an ongoing vehicle-to-everything session between a source wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a peer WTRU includes communicating between the source and a peer WTRUs based on existing L2 IDs and an existing session ID. On a condition that a trigger event occurs, the source WTRU and the peer WTRU each generate new L2 IDs as well as respective portions of a new session ID. The new L2 IDs are subsequently used along with the new session ID to increase privacy of communication between the source WTRU and the peer WTRU.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise determining application layer information and receiving QoS policy configuration information. A QoS mechanism may be determined based on the application layer information and the received QoS policy configuration information. A QoS value applicable to the determined QoS mechanism may then be determined for a data packet. Subsequently, the determined QoS value may be transmitted to another WTRU over a PC5 interface, with or without the data packet. The QoS mechanism may be determined as one of a PPPP mechanism or a QFI mechanism. The QoS policy configuration information may be received via a gNB. In an embodiment, the application layer information may include an application identifier, a PSID or an ITS-AID. The QoS policy configuration information may indicate a mapping of V2X application IDs to respective QoS mechanisms.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise determining application layer information and receiving QoS policy configuration information. A QoS mechanism may be determined based on the application layer information and the received QoS policy configuration information. A QoS value applicable to the determined QoS mechanism may then be determined for a data packet. Subsequently, the determined QoS value may be transmitted to another WTRU over a PC5 interface, with or without the data packet. The QoS mechanism may be determined as one of a PPPP mechanism or a QFI mechanism. The QoS policy configuration information may be received via a gNB. In an embodiment, the application layer information may include an application identifier, a PSID or an ITS-AID. The QoS policy configuration information may indicate a mapping of V2X application IDs to respective QoS mechanisms.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are provided for vehicle to everything (V2X) service oriented link establishment. A first wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may broadcast a direct communication request message. The direct communication request message may include a first security context identifier (ID). The first WTRU may receive a direct security mode command message from a second WTRU. The direct security mode command message may include a second security context ID. The first may determine a third security context ID by combining the first security context ID and the second security context ID. The first WTRU may establish, using the third security context ID, a secure direct communication link with the second WTRU. The first WTRU may generate, based on the third security context ID, a security context entry for the secure direct communication link with the second WTRU.

Abstract: A method and apparatus to address changes in quality of service in a communication link between two user equipment devices includes establishing the communication link between a first user equipment device and a peer user equipment device, where the communication link services an application executing on the first user equipment. The first user equipment device monitors a current quality of service on the communication link and detects a condition wherein the current quality of service may not be met. Adjusted configuration parameters for the application and new quality of service parameters for the communication link are determined. The adjusted configuration parameters are applied to the application and the new quality of service parameters are applied to the communication link.

Abstract: Methods, devices, and systems for changing a layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID) during an ongoing vehicle-to-everything (V2X) session between a source wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) and a peer WTRU include communicating between the source and a peer WTRUs based on an existing layer 2 (L2) identifier (ID). On a condition that a trigger event occurs, the source WTRU generates a new source L2 ID, communicates the new source L2 ID to the peer WTRU, receives from the peer WTRU a message that responds to the new source L2 ID, and communicates between the source WTRU and the peer WTRU based on the new source L2 ID.

Abstract: A method performed by a WTRU may comprise determining application layer information and receiving QoS policy configuration information. A QoS mechanism may be determined based on the application layer information and the received QoS policy configuration information. A QoS value applicable to the determined QoS mechanism may then be determined for a data packet. Subsequently, the determined QoS value may be transmitted to another WTRU over a PC5 interface, with or without the data packet. The QoS mechanism may be determined as one of a PPPP mechanism or a QFI mechanism. The QoS policy configuration information may be received via a gNB. In an embodiment, the application layer information may include an application identifier, a PSID or an ITS-AID. The QoS policy configuration information may indicate a mapping of V2X application IDs to respective QoS mechanisms.

Abstract: A WTRU may initiate access for a PDU session over multiple access networks. The WTRU may register with two or more access networks. For example, the WTRU may register with a 3GPP access network (e.g., LTE Advanced) and a non-3GPP access network (e.g., Wi-Fi). The WTRU may determine to request a multi-access PDU session for a (e.g., at least one) PDU session. A multi-access PDU session may correspond to a PDU session where the WTRU communicates one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the 3GPP access network and one or more PDUs associated with the PDU session over the non-3GPP access network. The WTRU may receive a confirmation message indicating that a multi-access PDU session has been established. The WTRU may send uplink data over the 3GPP access network and the non-3GPP access network, e.g., in accordance with the established multi-access PDU session.