Abstract: A battery pack includes a battery module having at least one battery cell, a pack case configured to accommodate the battery module, and a connection guide unit provided on at least one side of the pack case and configured to be accessible to electrical members of two or more connection types.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an apparatus for processing a predictive spatiotemporal query based on synthetic data. The apparatus includes a query-processing unit for analyzing a predictive spatiotemporal query of a user and returning a processing result, a machine-learning unit for training a machine-learning model in response to a request from the query-processing unit and generating synthetic spatiotemporal data based on the machine-learning model, and a data storage unit for storing raw spatiotemporal data and the generated synthetic spatiotemporal data, and the raw spatiotemporal data may be stored in the form of a table including an identifier column and a position column.

Abstract: A memory may include a first wafer, and a second wafer stacked on and bonded to the first wafer. The first wafer may include a cell structure including a memory cell array; and a first logic structure disposed under the cell structure, and including a row control circuit. The second wafer may include a second logic structure including a column control circuit.

Abstract: The neuromorphic arithmetic device comprises an input monitoring circuit that outputs a monitoring result by monitoring that first bits of at least one first digit of a plurality of feature data and a plurality of weight data are all zeros, a partial sum data generator that skips an arithmetic operation that generates a first partial sum data corresponding to the first bits of a plurality of partial sum data in response to the monitoring result while performing the arithmetic operation of generating the plurality of partial sum data, based on the plurality of feature data and the plurality of weight data, and a shift adder that generates the first partial sum data with a zero value and result data, based on second partial sum data except for the first partial sum data among the plurality of partial sum data and the first partial sum data generated with the zero value.

Abstract: Provided is an image recognition device. The image recognition device includes a frame data change detector that sequentially receives a plurality of frame data and detects a difference between two consecutive frame data, an ensemble section controller that sets an ensemble section in the plurality of frame data, based on the detected difference, an image recognizer that sequentially identifies classes respectively corresponding to a plurality of section frame data by applying different neural network classifiers to the plurality of section frame data in the ensemble section, and a recognition result classifier that sequentially identifies ensemble classes respectively corresponding to the plurality of section frame data by combining the classes in the ensemble section.

Abstract: The neuromorphic arithmetic device performs a multiply-accumulate (MAC) calculation using a multiplier and an accumulator. The neuromorphic arithmetic device includes an offset accumulator configured to receive a plurality of offset data measured a plurality of times and accumulate the plurality of offset data, a bit extractor configured to obtain average offset data by extracting at least one first bit from the plurality of accumulated offset data, and a cumulative synapse array configured to accumulate a plurality of multiplication values generated by the multiplier and output a cumulative result of the plurality of multiplication values corrected according to the average offset data.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for multi-level stepwise quantization for neural network are provided. The apparatus sets a reference level by selecting a value from among values of parameters of the neural network in a direction from a high value equal to or greater than a predetermined value to a lower value, and performs learning based on the reference level. The setting of a reference level and the performing of learning are iteratively performed until the result of the reference level learning satisfies a predetermined value and there is no variable parameter that is updated during learning among the parameters.

Abstract: Disclosed is a neural network computing device. The neural network computing device includes a neural network accelerator including an analog MAC, a controller controlling the neural network accelerator in one of a first mode and a second mode, and a calibrator that calibrating a gain and a DC offset of the analog MAC. The calibrator includes a memory storing weight data, calibration weight data, and calibration input data, a gain and offset calculator reading the calibration weight data and the calibration input data from the memory, inputting the calibration weight data and the calibration input data to the analog MAC, receiving calibration output data from the analog MAC, and calculating the gain and the DC offset of the analog MAC, and an on-device quantizer reading the weight data, receiving the gain and the DC offset, generating quantized weight data, based on the gain and the DC offset.

Abstract: Provided is an image recognition device. The image recognition device includes a frame data change detector that sequentially receives a plurality of frame data and detects a difference between two consecutive frame data, an ensemble section controller that sets an ensemble section in the plurality of frame data, based on the detected difference, an image recognizer that sequentially identifies classes respectively corresponding to a plurality of section frame data by applying different neural network classifiers to the plurality of section frame data in the ensemble section, and a recognition result classifier that sequentially identifies ensemble classes respectively corresponding to the plurality of section frame data by combining the classes in the ensemble section.

Abstract: The neuromorphic arithmetic device comprises an input monitoring circuit that outputs a monitoring result by monitoring that first bits of at least one first digit of a plurality of feature data and a plurality of weight data are all zeros, a partial sum data generator that skips an arithmetic operation that generates a first partial sum data corresponding to the first bits of a plurality of partial sum data in response to the monitoring result while performing the arithmetic operation of generating the plurality of partial sum data, based on the plurality of feature data and the plurality of weight data, and a shift adder that generates the first partial sum data with a zero value and result data, based on second partial sum data except for the first partial sum data among the plurality of partial sum data and the first partial sum data generated with the zero value.

Abstract: The neuromorphic arithmetic device performs a multiply-accumulate (MAC) calculation using a multiplier and an accumulator. The neuromorphic arithmetic device includes an offset accumulator configured to receive a plurality of offset data measured a plurality of times and accumulate the plurality of offset data, a bit extractor configured to obtain average offset data by extracting at least one first bit from the plurality of accumulated offset data, and a cumulative synapse array configured to accumulate a plurality of multiplication values generated by the multiplier and output a cumulative result of the plurality of multiplication values corrected according to the average offset data.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a beam for processing a radar signal is provided. In order to form a beam, by processing signals that are received through a plurality of antennas, a first symbol signal and a second symbol signal, which are complex signals are generated. The first and second symbol signals include a plurality of symbols that are arranged in an antenna array order. By applying a weight value on each antenna basis and a window coefficient for windowing processing to sequentially input each symbol of the first and second symbol signals, and by accumulating on a beam basis to generate, a beam symbol signal is generated.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for detecting a target using radar, the apparatus including a transmitter to generate a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) of a baseband, convert the FMCW into a signal of a predetermined frequency band, and emit the signal to a target through radar, a receiver to receive the signal reflected from the target through each antenna of a multi-array antenna, and estimate information on the target based on the signal received through each antenna, and a processor to control operations of the transmitter and the receiver.

Abstract: Provided is a safety apparatus for a cultivator. A driving cylinder includes a body wherein a rod having a pressurizing plate at a front end of the rod is inserted into the body; a first inlet hole and a second outlet hole which are formed at one side of the body; a first inlet hole and a second outlet hole formed at a rear portion of the pressurizing plate when the rod extends from the body; a first outlet hole and a second inlet hole formed at the other side of the body; a relief valve at the first outlet hole; a first hydraulic line to connect the relief valve and the first inlet hole; a second hydraulic line to connect the second outlet hole and the second inlet hole; and a check valve at any of the second outlet hole, the second inlet hole and the second hydraulic line.

Abstract: Provided is a safety apparatus for a cultivator. A driving cylinder includes a body wherein a rod having a pressurizing plate at a front end of the rod is inserted into the body; a first inlet hole and a second outlet hole which are formed at one side of the body; a first inlet hole and a second outlet hole formed at a rear portion of the pressurizing plate when the rod extends from the body; a first outlet hole and a second inlet hole formed at the other side of the body; a relief valve at the first outlet hole; a first hydraulic line to connect the relief valve and the first inlet hole; a second hydraulic line to connect the second outlet hole and the second inlet hole; and a check valve at any of the second outlet hole, the second inlet hole and the second hydraulic line.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reference signal generation method and apparatus. In the reference signal generation method, cyclic shift values of a reference signal for a channel, output in a single frame, are calculated for respective slots constituting the single frame. The calculated cyclic shift values are stored. Base signal sequence phases of the reference signal for the channel, output in the single frame, are calculated for respective slots. The calculated base signal sequence phases are stored. A total phase of the reference signal is calculated based on the cyclic shift values and the base signal sequence phases previously stored for respective slots. A reference signal sequence is generated based on the calculated total phase.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for forming a beam for processing a radar signal is provided. In order to form a beam, by processing signals that are received through a plurality of antennas, a first symbol signal and a second symbol signal, which are complex signals are generated. The first and second symbol signals include a plurality of symbols that are arranged in an antenna array order. By applying a weight value on each antenna basis and a window coefficient for windowing processing to sequentially input each symbol of the first and second symbol signals, and by accumulating on a beam basis to generate, a beam symbol signal is generated.

Abstract: Provided is a method and apparatus for detecting a target using radar, the apparatus including a transmitter to generate a frequency modulated continuous waveform (FMCW) of a baseband, convert the FMCW into a signal of a predetermined frequency band, and emit the signal to a target through radar, a receiver to receive the signal reflected from the target through each antenna of a multi-array antenna, and estimate information on the target based on the signal received through each antenna, and a processor to control operations of the transmitter and the receiver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a reference signal generation method and apparatus. In the reference signal generation method, cyclic shift values of a reference signal for a channel, output in a single frame, are calculated for respective slots constituting the single frame. The calculated cyclic shift values are stored. Base signal sequence phases of the reference signal for the channel, output in the single frame, are calculated for respective slots. The calculated base signal sequence phases are stored. A total phase of the reference signal is calculated based on the cyclic shift values and the base signal sequence phases previously stored for respective slots. A reference signal sequence is generated based on the calculated total phase.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method for configuring a preamble for a communication system in order to effectively use a packet transmission bandwidth, a preambler, and an apparatus for generating a packet using the same. The preambler includes: a mode determining unit receiving frame characteristics information, extracting frame information to be transmitted through a preamble, and determining a transmission mode corresponding with the extracted information; and a code generation unit receiving the transmission mode information which has been determined by the mode determining unit and generating a preamble made up of a combination of sub-preamble code strings corresponding with the transmission mode.