Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.

Abstract: A digital biosensor for assaying a target nucleic acid and methods of using the biosensor for digitally detecting the target nucleic acid are disclosed wherein the biosensor includes a substrate having a substrate surface and at least two electrodes, a linker molecule having a first moiety conjugated to the substrate surface, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) conjugated to a second moiety of the linker molecule, and a guide ribonucleic acid (gRNA) having a first sequence capable of binding to the inactive RNP and a second sequence capable of binding to the target nucleic acid.

Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.

Abstract: An apparatus may include a memory storing transfer curve information for the 2D FETs obtained by applying bias conditions including a drain-to-source voltage and a gate-to-source voltage to the 2D FETs, and measuring channel currents for the 2D FETs while varying the gate-to-source voltage of the 2D FETs. An apparatus may include a characterization parameter encoder that determines the one or more output characterization parameters as output data of a machine learning model by applying the transfer curve information for the 2D FETs as input data to the machine learning model, wherein the machine learning model has been trained to output the one or more output characterization parameters of the fit function for an input of the transfer curve information for the 2D FETs. A system and methods for training and using the machine learning model are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for an integrated circuit with 2D field-effect transistors and on-chip thin film layer deposition with electrical characterization. A corresponding layer structure and manufacturing process are disclosed. The system includes a measurement controller that determines transfer curve information and an analysis module that generates parameters for determining thickness and/or porosity and a thin film deposition controller that controllers thin film deposition using the parameters. Methods include performing liquid mediated deposition of one or more thin film layers on the channel surface and obtaining transfer curve information by generating time dependent measurement vectors for the 2D FETs and controlling and/or performing electrical characterization of the of thin film layers based on the measurement vectors. The disclosed methods may be implemented by the disclosed integrated circuit and the disclosed system.

Abstract: For enhanced selection of efficient targeted genome manipulating agents, an apparatus includes first and second chip-based biosensors having one or more sensing surfaces configured to detect biomolecular binding interactions between a nucleic acid sample and a targeted genome manipulating agent functionalized to a capture surface within a sensing range of the one or more sensing surfaces. The first chip-based biosensor uses a nucleic acid sample incubated with a blocking agent that blocks on-target binding and the second chip-based biosensor holds a nucleic acid sample that omits the blocking agent. A measurement apparatus measures first and second sets of response signals produced in response to the biomolecular binding interactions occurring between the nucleic acid sample and the targeted genome manipulating agent. An analysis module determines the genome manipulating efficiency parameters of the targeted genome manipulating agent. A system and a method perform the functions of the apparatus.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for target detection based on collateral cleavage of a reporter by an enzyme. A biologically gated transistor may include a channel and a reporter moiety immobilized to the channel. The state of the reporter moiety may affect one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor when excitation conditions are applied to the biologically gated transistor and a sample fluid is applied in contact with the channel. A sample fluid may include an enzyme configured to activate in response to a target nucleic acid to cleave the reporter moiety. Excitation circuitry may apply the excitation conditions, and measurement circuitry may measure output signals from the biologically gated transistor. An analysis module may determine a parameter relating to presence of the target nucleic acid, based on the one or more measurements.

Abstract: A system and apparatus for direct or indirect target substance signal measurement include an integrated circuit with an array of 2D FETs with corresponding 2D transistor channels and a gate area for receiving a volume of liquid with one or more chemical or biological target substances, a conductive source electrically coupled to a first end of the 2D transistor channel, a conductive drain electrically coupled to a second end of the 2D transistor channel, a ceramic coating over the conductive source and the conductive drain and a thin film layer of synthetic biopolymer specific binding agents is adsorbed to the top surface of the 2D transistor channel. Methods for the system and apparatus and for selecting the synthetic biopolymer specific binding agents based on absorptivity are disclosed.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for excitation and measurement of biochemical interactions. Excitation circuitry is configured to apply one or more excitation conditions to a biologically gated transistor that includes a channel, so that one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor are affected by the excitation condition(s) and by a biochemical interaction of moieties within a sample fluid in contact with the channel surface. Measurement circuitry is configured to obtain information corresponding to the biochemical interaction occurring at one or more measurement distances greater than an electrostatic screening distance from the surface of the channel, by performing a plurality of time-dependent measurements of affected output signals, using a measurement bandwidth that corresponds to the measurement distances. An analysis module is configured to characterize one or more parameters of the biochemical interaction based on the time-dependent measurements.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for transportation and detection of analytes. Beads may be functionalized with a capture moiety to bind to a target moiety. Beads that have not been incubated in a sample solution may be positioned in a fluid, near a sensing surface for a biosensor. A calibration measurement may be performed using the biosensor, after which the beads may be removed. Beads that have been incubated in the sample solution may be positioned near the sensing surface, and a detection measurement may be performed using the biosensor. A parameter such as the presence, absence or concentration of the target moiety in the sample solution may be determined based on the calibration measurement and the detection measurement.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods are disclosed for target detection based on collateral cleavage of a reporter by an enzyme. A biologically gated transistor may include a channel and a reporter moiety immobilized to the channel. The state of the reporter moiety may affect one or more output signals from the biologically gated transistor when excitation conditions are applied to the biologically gated transistor and a sample fluid is applied in contact with the channel. A sample fluid may include an enzyme configured to activate in response to a target nucleic acid to cleave the reporter moiety. Excitation circuitry may apply the excitation conditions, and measurement circuitry may measure output signals from the biologically gated transistor. An analysis module may determine a parameter relating to presence of the target nucleic acid, based on the one or more measurements.

Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.

Abstract: For enhanced selection of efficient targeted genome manipulating agents, an apparatus includes first and second chip-based biosensors having one or more sensing surfaces configured to detect biomolecular binding interactions between a nucleic acid sample and a targeted genome manipulating agent functionalized to a capture surface within a sensing range of the one or more sensing surfaces. The first chip-based biosensor uses a nucleic acid sample incubated with a blocking agent that blocks on-target binding and the second chip-based biosensor holds a nucleic acid sample that omits the blocking agent. A measurement apparatus measures first and second sets of response signals produced in response to the biomolecular binding interactions occurring between the nucleic acid sample and the targeted genome manipulating agent. An analysis module determines the genome manipulating efficiency parameters of the targeted genome manipulating agent. A system and a method perform the functions of the apparatus.

Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.

Abstract: A digital biosensor for assaying a target nucleic acid and methods of using the biosensor for digitally detecting the target nucleic acid are disclosed wherein the biosensor includes a substrate having a substrate surface and at least two electrodes, a linker molecule having a first moiety conjugated to the substrate surface, a ribonucleoprotein (RNP) conjugated to a second moiety of the linker molecule, and a guide ribonucleic acid (gRNA) having a first sequence capable of binding to the inactive RNP and a second sequence capable of binding to the target nucleic acid.

Abstract: Provided are active agent delivery devices configured to deliver an active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. The active agent delivery devices include a power reservoir configured to eject the active agent formulation at a pressure sufficient to deliver the active agent formulation into or through a mucosal layer in a subject. Methods of using the subject active agent delivery devices are also provided.