Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing polycarbonate containing following step (a) and step (b), (a) a step of reacting a specific fluorine-containing carbonate (Compound (1), etc.) and an aromatic dihydroxy compound in the presence of a condensation catalyst, to obtain a prepolymer, and (b) a step of heating the prepolymer at a temperature which is lower than a melting temperature of the prepolymer and performing solid phase polymerization on the prepolymer while a fluorine-containing alcohol that is produced as a by-product is discharged out of a system, to obtain a polycarbonate.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing a charge retention medium, with which a coating film (precursor of a charge retention medium) containing a fluorinated copolymer having repeating units based on tetrafluoroethylene and repeating units based on ethylene can easily be formed on the surface of a substrate, even in a case where the surface of the substrate has a complicated shape. A process for producing a charge retention medium (electret 30), which comprises a step of applying a coating composition containing a fluorinated copolymer (A) having repeating units based on tetrafluoroethylene and repeating units based on ethylene, and an organic solvent (C), to a substrate (first substrate 10) to form a coating film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing polycarbonate containing following step (a) and step (b), (a) a step of reacting a specific fluorine-containing carbonate (Compound (1), etc.) and an aromatic dihydroxy compound in the presence of a condensation catalyst, to obtain a prepolymer, and (b) a step of heating the prepolymer at a temperature which is lower than a melting temperature of the prepolymer and performing solid phase polymerization on the prepolymer while a fluorine-containing alcohol that is produced as a by-product is discharged out of a system, to obtain a polycarbonate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an electret which has high thermal stability of retained electric charge and which has excellent charge retention performance. This is accomplished by a process for producing an electret which includes a step of thermally treating a fluorinated polymer and a silane coupling agent, where the fluorinated polymer has an alicyclic structure in its main chain and has a carboxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group as its terminal group; the silane coupling agent has an amino group; and the weight average molecular weight of the fluorinated polymer is at least 200,000.

Abstract: An electret having an electric charge injected to a laminate having a resin layer (A) and a resin layer (B) laminated directly on the resin layer (A), wherein the resin layer (A) contains a reaction product of a fluorinated polymer with a silane coupling agent, the resin layer (B) does not contain a reaction product of a fluorinated polymer with a silane coupling agent and contains a fluorinated polymer, the resin layer (B) is disposed as the outermost layer so as to be in contact with air, and the total thickness of the resin layer (B) is from 5 to 55% of the total thickness of the resin layer (A); and an electrostatic induction-type conversion device provided with the electret.

Abstract: To provide a charge retention medium having a surface potential at a practical level, although it is obtained from a composition containing a fluorinated copolymer having repeating units based on tetrafluoroethylene and repeating units based on ethylene. A charge retention medium (electret 30) which is obtained from a composition containing a fluorinated copolymer (A) having repeating units based on tetrafluoroethylene and repeating units based on ethylene; and at least one charge aid (B) selected from the group consisting of a compound having at least one amino group and at least one reactive functional group (excluding an amino group) and a compound having at least two amino groups and having no reactive functional group (excluding an amino group).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing an electret, which includes a step of thermally treating a composition including a fluorinated polymer and a silane coupling agent, where the fluorinated polymer has an alicyclic structure in its main chain and has a carboxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group as its terminal group. The silane coupling agent has an amino group; and the temperature for the thermal treatment is from 250° C. to 330° C.

Abstract: An electret in disclosed including a laminate. A layer (A) containing a resin (a) and a layer (B) containing a resin (b) other than the resin (a) or an inorganic substance (c) are directly laminated. The resin (a) is a fluororesin (a1), or a resin (a2) having an alicyclic structure and containing no fluorine atom. The layer (B) is disposed on the outermost surface on a side opposite to the side where electric charge is injected at the time of injecting electric charge into the laminate to form the electret.

Abstract: An electret having a high surface charge density, is provided and along with an electrostatic induction conversion device including such an electret. In some embodiments, the electret includes a laminate having a layer (A) containing a polymer compound (a) having a relative dielectric constant of from 1.8 to 3.0 and a layer (B) containing a polymer compound (b) or inorganic substance (c) having a relative dielectric constant higher than the polymer compound (a). The difference between the relative dielectric constant of the polymer compound (b) or inorganic substance (c) and the relative dielectric constant of the polymer compound (a) is at least 0.3. The layer (A) is disposed on the outermost surface on a side opposite to the side where electric charge is injected at the time of injecting electric charge into the laminate to form the electret; and the layer (B) has a thickness of at least 1 ?m.

Abstract: To provide an electret having high stability with time and thermal stability of retained electric charge and having excellent charge retention performance, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. This has been done by providing an electret obtained from a composition comprising a compound (A) having a molecular weight of from 50 to 2000 and having at least two polar functional groups, and a polymer (B) having a number average molecular weight of more than 2000 and having reactive functional groups reactive with the above polar functional groups and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing an electret which has high stability with time and thermal stability of retained electric charge and which has excellent charge retention performance, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. A process for producing an electret, which comprises a step of thermally treating a composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and a silane coupling agent, wherein the fluorinated polymer has an alicyclic structure in its main chain and has a carboxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group as its terminal group; the silane coupling agent has an amino group; and the weight average molecular weight of the fluorinated polymer is at least 200,000. An electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret.

Abstract: To provide a process for producing an electret which has high stability with time and thermal stability of retained electric charge and which has excellent charge retention performance, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. A process for producing an electret, which comprises a step of thermally treating a composition comprising a fluorinated polymer and a silane coupling agent, wherein the fluorinated polymer has an alicyclic structure in its main chain and has a carboxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group as its terminal group; the silane coupling agent has an amino group; and the temperature for the thermal treatment is from 250° C. to 330° C. An electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret.

Abstract: To provide an electret having high stability with time and thermal stability of retained electric charge and having excellent charge retention performance, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. An electret obtained from a composition comprising a compound (A) having a molecular weight of from 50 to 2000 and having at least two polar functional groups, and a polymer (B) having a number average molecular weight of more than 2000 and having reactive functional groups reactive with the above polar functional groups. An electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret.

Abstract: To provide an electret excellent in thermal stability of electric charge, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. An electret containing any one of a fluoropolymer which comprises at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit (a), a repeating unit (b) and a repeating unit (c), in a total amount of at least 80 mol %, and which has a glass transition temperature of from 110 to 350° C.; a fluoropolymer which comprises at least one repeating unit selected from the group consisting of a repeating unit (a1), a repeating unit (b) and a repeating unit (c), in a total amount of at least 80 mol %; and a fluoropolymer which comprises a repeating unit (a2), and a repeating unit (b) and/or a repeating unit (c) wherein the total amount of the repeating unit (b) and the repeating unit (c) is at least 2 mol %. An electrostatic induction conversion element comprising such an electret.

Abstract: To provide an electret having a high surface voltage, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. An electret comprising a laminate wherein a layer (A) containing a resin (a) and a layer (B) containing a resin (b) other than the resin (a) or an inorganic substance (c) are directly laminated, wherein the resin (a) is a fluororesin (a1), or a resin (a2) having an alicyclic structure and containing no fluorine atom; and the layer (B) is disposed on the outermost surface on a side opposite to the side where electric charge is injected at the time of injecting electric charge into the laminate to form the electret.

Abstract: To provide an electret having a high surface charge density, and an electrostatic induction conversion device comprising such an electret. An electret comprising a laminate wherein a layer (A) containing a polymer compound (a) having a relative dielectric constant of from 1.8 to 3.0 and a layer (B) containing a polymer compound (b) or inorganic substance (c) having a relative dielectric constant higher than the polymer compound (a) are directly laminated, wherein the difference between the relative dielectric constant of the polymer compound (b) or inorganic substance (c) and the relative dielectric constant of the polymer compound (a) is at least 0.3; the layer (A) is disposed on the outermost surface on a side opposite to the side where electric charge is injected at the time of injecting electric charge into the laminate to form the electret; and the layer (B) has a thickness of at least 1 ?m.

Abstract: A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound having a high polymerization reactivity, a process for its production, a sulfonyl group-containing polymerizable monomer led from the sulfonyl group-containing compound, and a polymer obtainable by polymerizing the sulfonyl group-containing polymerizable monomer, are provided. A compound (3) is fluorinated to form a compound (4), and then, the compound (4) is subjected to a decomposition reaction to produce a compound (5). A preferred compound (5-1) of the compound (5) is thermally decomposed to produce a compound (7-1) having a high polymerization reactivity. wherein RA is a bivalent organic group such as a fluoroalkylene group, RAF is a group having RA fluorinated, or the same group as RA, each of RB to RD which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom, etc., each of RBF to RDF is a fluorine atom, etc.

Abstract: Adamantane derivates which can be material compounds of a polymer excellent in etching resistance and having improved transmittance to light having a short wavelength, are produced by an economically advantageous process from readily available materials. A compound (10) is subjected to esterification reaction with a compound (11) to obtain a compound (12), which is subjected to fluorination in a liquid phase to obtain a compound (13), which is then subjected to hydrolysis or alcoholysis to obtain a compound (2), which is then reacted with a compound (15) thereby to obtain a compound (1).

Abstract: The present invention provides a process A1 for producing a compound (5A), which comprises fluorinating a compound (3A-1) by liquid phase fluorination to a compound (4A-1), followed by a decomposition reaction of an ester bond; a process A2 for producing a compound (5A), which comprises fluorinating a compound (3A-2) by liquid phase fluorination to a compound (4A-2), followed by a decomposition reaction of an ester bond; and a process B for producing a compound (5B), which comprises fluorinating a compound (3B) by liquid phase fluorination to a compound (4B), followed by hydrolysis or alcoholysis. Further, the present invention provides a compound (5A) wherein n is 2 to 4, and a compound (5B) wherein n is 3 or 4.

Abstract: A fluorosulfonyl group-containing compound having a high polymerization reactivity, a process for its production, a sulfonyl group-containing polymerizable monomer led from the sulfonyl group-containing compound, and a polymer obtainable by polymerizing the sulfonyl group-containing polymerizable monomer, are provided. A compound (3) is fluorinated to form a compound (4), and then, the compound (4) is subjected to a decomposition reaction to produce a compound (5). A preferred compound (5-1) of the compound (5) is thermally decomposed to produce a compound (7-1) having a high polymerization reactivity. wherein RA is a bivalent organic group such as a fluoroalkylene group, RAF is a group having RA fluorinated, or the same group as RA, each of RB to RD which are independent of one another, is a hydrogen atom, etc., each of RBF to RDF is a fluorine atom, etc.