Abstract: It is disclosed a transparent conductive multi-layer structure which comprises a substrate overlaid, desirably interposed by a support, with a conductive layer containing fine conductive particles, preferably the fine particles of indium-tin oxide (ITO), said multi-layer structure having a surface resistance of 10-103?/? and a visible light transmittance of at least 70%. A process for producing this structure is also disclosed. The present invention can produce transparent conductive multi-layer structures by utilizing a coating method which retains the advantages of its easiness of forming large-area conductive films, simplification of apparatus, high productivity and low manufacturing cost, by firstly obtaining a transparent conductive film that has low enough surface resistance to give high conductivity while exhibiting satisfactory transparency, and then applying the transparent conductive film to a glass or resin panel, etc.

Abstract: It is disclosed a transparent conductive multi-layer structure which comprises a substrate overlaid, desirably interposed by a support, with a conductive layer containing fine conductive particles, preferably the fine particles of indium-tin oxide (ITO), said multi-layer structure having a surface resistance of 10-103?/? and a visible light transmittance of at least 70%. A process for producing this structure is also disclosed. The present invention can produce transparent conductive multi-layer structures by utilizing a coating method which retains the advantages of its easiness of forming large-area conductive films, simplification of apparatus, high productivity and low manufacturing cost, by firstly obtaining a transparent conductive film that has low enough surface resistance to give high conductivity while exhibiting satisfactory transparency, and then applying the transparent conductive film to a glass or resin panel, etc.

Abstract: A functional film of the invention includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing functional microparticulates. The microparticulate-containing layer inhibits the occurrence of cracks even when drawn 10%. When the functional film includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing conductive microparticulates, the microparticulate-containing layer exhibits a surface resistivity after drawn 10% which is at most 10 times greater than the surface resistivity prior to drawing. The invention thus implements a functional film which is unsusceptible to reduction or loss of its function due to deformation.

Abstract: It is disclosed a transparent conductive multi-layer structure which comprises a substrate overlaid, desirably interposed by a support, with a conductive layer containing fine conductive particles, preferably the fine particles of indium-tin oxide (ITO), said multi-layer structure having a surface resistance of 10-103?/? and a visible light transmittance of at least 70%. A process for producing this structure is also disclosed. The present invention can produce transparent conductive multi-layer structures by utilizing a coating method which retains the advantages of its easiness of forming large-area conductive films, simplification of apparatus, high productivity and low manufacturing cost, by firstly obtaining a transparent conductive film that has low enough surface resistance to give high conductivity while exhibiting satisfactory transparency, and then applying the transparent conductive film to a glass or resin panel, etc.

Abstract: A functional film of the invention includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing functional microparticulates. The microparticulate-containing layer inhibits the occurrence of cracks even when drawn 10%. When the functional film includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing conductive microparticulates, the microparticulate-containing layer exhibits a surface resistivity after drawn 10% which is at most 10 times greater than the surface resistivity prior to drawing. The invention thus implements a functional film which is unsusceptible to reduction or loss of its function due to deformation.

Abstract: It is disclosed a transparent conductive multi-layer structure which comprises a substrate overlaid, desirably interposed by a support, with a conductive layer containing fine conductive particles, preferably the fine particles of indium-tin oxide (ITO), said multi-layer structure having a surface resistance of 10-103 ?/? and a visible light transmittance of at least 70%. A process for producing this structure is also disclosed. The present invention can produce transparent conductive multi-layer structures by utilizing a coating method which retains the advantages of its easiness of forming large-area conductive films, simplification of apparatus, high productivity and low manufacturing cost, by firstly obtaining a transparent conductive film that has low enough surface resistance to give high conductivity while exhibiting satisfactory transparency, and then applying the transparent conductive film to a glass or resin panel, etc.

Abstract: The present invention provides a substrate for an optical disk using a transparent plastic film having a hard-coating layer on one surface of the film and a method of producing the same.

Abstract: A functional film of the invention includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing functional microparticulates. The microparticulate-containing layer inhibits the occurrence of cracks even when drawn 10%. When the functional film includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing conductive microparticulates, the microparticulate-containing layer exhibits a surface resistivity after drawn 10% which is at most 10 times greater than the surface resistivity prior to drawing. The invention thus implements a functional film which is unsusceptible to reduction or loss of its function due to deformation.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide functional films which can exhibit a variety of functions using functional fine particles, in particular, a transparent conductive film having a low resistance value using conductive fine particles. The functional film of the present invention is a functional film comprising a support and a functional layer on at least one surface of the support, wherein the above functional layer contains functional fine particles, and a ratio (&sgr;1/&sgr;2) between a dispersion value (&sgr;2) obtainable from the alignment of the functional fine particles at the front surface of the functional layer and a dispersion value (&sgr;1) obtainable from the alignment of the functional fine particles at the opposite surface of the functional layer is from 1.2 to 1.85.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide functional films which can exhibit a variety of functions using functional fine particles, in particular, a transparent conductive film having a low resistance value using conductive fine particles. The functional film of the present invention is a functional film comprising a support and a functional layer on at least one surface of the support, wherein the above functional layer contains functional fine particles, and a ratio (&sgr;1/&sgr;2) between a dispersion value (&sgr;2) obtainable from the alignment of the functional fine particles at the front surface of the functional layer and a dispersion value (&sgr;1) obtainable from the alignment of the functional fine particles at the opposite surface of the functional layer is from 1.2 to 1.85.

Abstract: It is disclosed a transparent conductive multi-layer structure which comprises a substrate overlaid, desirably interposed by a support, with a conductive layer containing fine conductive particles, preferably the fine particles of in-dium-tin oxide (ITO), said multi-layer structure having a surface resistance of 10-103 &OHgr;/□ and a visible light transmittance of at least 70%. A process for producing this structure is also disclosed. The present invention can produce transparent conductive multi-layer structures by utilizing a coating method which retains the advantages of its easiness of forming large-area conductive films, simplification of apparatus, high productivity and low manufacturing cost, by firstly obtaining a transparent conductive film that has low enough surface resistance to give high conductivity while exhibiting satisfactory transparency, and then applying the transparent conductive film to a glass or resin panel, etc.

Abstract: A functional film of the invention includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing functional microparticulates. The microparticulate-containing layer inhibits the occurrence of cracks even when drawn 10%. When the functional film includes a microparticulate-containing layer containing conductive microparticulates, the microparticulate-containing layer exhibits a surface resistivity after drawn 10% which is at most 10 times greater than the surface resistivity prior to drawing. The invention thus implements a functional film which is unsusceptible to reduction or loss of its function due to deformation.

Abstract: An object is to provide magnetic recording medium having a densely packed, highly oriented magnetic layer by enhancing the dispersibility of magnetic powder having a carbon or iron carbide base surface. Magnetic powder is pretreated by kneading and dispersing it with an organic solvent and optionally, an anionic or ampholytic surfactant and a fatty acid, and a resin containing an amino group or ammonium salt group is used as a binder.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording medium of the coating type using a metal magnetic powder, for the purpose of improving switching field distribution (SFD) and electromagnetic properties, there is used a metal magnetic powder based on iron and containing Al and/or Si and a rare earth element, the content of Al and/or Si being 0.5 to 8% by weight based on the iron and the content of rare earth element (inclusive of Y) being 1 to 10% by weight based on the iron, and optionally 6 to 30% by weight of Co, preferably having a length of 0.06 to 0.30 .mu.m and an aspect ratio of from 4 to 15.

Abstract: A magnetic recording medium includes a non-magnetic support and a magnetic layer, The magnetic layer comprises a binder and a Co-containing iron-based metal powder dispersed in the binder, characterized in that particles of the metal powder have a greater Co concentration in their surface layer than their inside of the particles, The Co-containing metal powder is easily dispersed in a binder and provides high Br/Bm and orientation. If Ba is contained in the starting powder the localization of Co in the surface area is realized.

Abstract: A magnetic layer containing a magnetic powder whose surface is composed mainly of carbon and/or iron carbide and a binder is provided on a non-magnetic substrate, the magnetic layer further contains an organic dye compound having at least one polar group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfonic acid group and a salt thereof, and the binder contains an amino group and/or an ammonium salt group. Due to the improved dispersibility of a magnetic paint, the magnetic recording medium of the invention is improved in surface morphology, magnetic properties, and electromagnetic properties.

Abstract: Iron carbide particles are heat treated in a nitrogen atmosphere to form magnetic particles each comprising an iron base core and a carbon base surface. This magnetic particle powder having increased saturation magnetization .sigma.s is mixed with a binder to form a magnetic layer on a substrate, thus providing a magnetic recording medium which exhibits improved remanence Br and reproduces increased outputs.

Abstract: The magnetic recording medium of the invention has a magnetic layer formed by mixing an iron base metal magnetic powder with a binder, the metal magnetic powder being prepared by furnishing hydrous iron oxide or iron oxide powder as a starting material, applying Zr, Al, and Si compounds or Zr, Al, and Co compounds to the powder surface, and reducing the treated powder in a reducing atmosphere. Improved surface smoothness, a low coefficient of friction, and improved dynamic durability are achievable.

Abstract: A metal magnetic powder for magnetic recording media consisting essentially of iron is obtained by providing a hydrous needle-like iron oxide powder as a starting material, applying cobalt ions on the surface thereof, and subsequently reducing the resultant powder in a reducing atmosphere. The metal magnetic powder contains cobalt in an amount not less than 6 weight % relative to iron, and the coercive force of the powder is not more than 1600 Oe.

Abstract: A metallic magnetic powder treated with an alkyl group-containing dicarboxylic acid so that the acid is deposited on the particle surfaces. The amount of the acid so deposited ranges from 0.5 to 5% on the basis of the weight of the starting powder.