Abstract: The reflectarray comprises an array of patch elements (10-13). Each patch element has a cut ring shape formed of a conductive ring with at least one crossing gap. The outer diameter and inner diameter and crossing gap are adjusted so that a phase shift ? defined by the following relations is different from zero: ?(Eox)=?(Eix)+? (1) ?(Eoy)=?(Eiy)+?+? (2) where: ??(Eox) and ?(Eoy) are the phases of the orthogonal components and of the reflected wave, respectively, ??(Eix) and ?(Eiy) are the phases of orthogonal components and of the incident wave, respectively, ?? is a phase angle.

Abstract: The reflectarray comprises an array of patch elements (10-13). Each patch element has a cut ring shape formed of a conductive ring with at least one crossing gap. The outer diameter and inner diameter and crossing gap are adjusted so that a phase shift ? defined by the following relations is different from zero: ?(Eox)=?(Eix)+? (1) ?(Eoy)=?(Eiy)+?+? (2) where: ??(Eox) and ?(Eoy) are the phases of the orthogonal components and of the reflected wave, respectively, ??(Eix) and ?(Eiy) are the phases of orthogonal components and of the incident wave, respectively, ?? is a phase angle.

Abstract: A laser plasma X-ray source has an improved X-ray conversion efficiency and a minimized occurrence of debris, and a semiconductor lithography apparatus using the same and a method therefor are provided. An X-ray generation unit has a vacuum chamber 5 which encases the target; target supply unit 110 which supplies a fine particle mixture gas target into the vacuum chamber 5; a laser irradiation unit 120 which irradiates a laser beam 2 on the particle mixture gas target 10; and a target recovery unit 130 which recovers unused particle mixture gas target from the vacuum chamber 5.

Abstract: A number of sound detectors are provided on an external enclosure of a pressure vessel of a nuclear reactor. Output signals produced from the individual detectors are combined into a pattern in terms of time difference of the detector output signals relative to the time point at which the detected signal is first produced in response to the sound signal and relative peak values of the detector output signals relative to the magnitude of the output signal produced by the detector which detects the sound signal with the highest sensitivity. The pattern thus obtained is then compared with patterns which have been previously prepared by intentionally producing the sound signals at locations in interest within the pressure vessel, to thereby estimate the location within the pressure vessel at which the sound is produced.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an overhead submerged arc welding process wherein a flux for the submerged arc welding is supplied from the underside of the welding line while at the same time a consumable electrode is supplied from the underside of the welding line, the process being characterized by maintaining the interrelationship between a flux supply cylinder and the plates to be welded such that the length from the under surfaces of the plates to be welded to the upper end of the open flux supply cylinder and the diameter D of the opening at the end of the flux supply cylinder is represented by the formula 2.ltoreq.D/I.ltoreq.15.