Abstract: Simple, low-cost and modular antenna apparatus and methods associated therewith. In one embodiment, a modular antenna element that can be used either alone or as a basic “building block” for larger arrays and sectorial antennas (i.e., by joining needed number of elements together) is provided. The same parts can be reused for various complete product designs, thereby advantageously reducing the need for customized parts (and the attendant disabilities associated therewith). Moreover, multiple antenna elements can be readily joined together via a common feed network (in one implementation, via the back portion of each element). The antenna gain and beam width are also adjustable through configuration of the array (and the construction of the antenna elements themselves).

Abstract: A right-hand circular polarized antenna and associated methods. In one embodiment, a quarter-wave antenna configuration is used within a small form factor portable device (e.g. wristwatch). The antenna comprises a radiator element which operates in as a linear polarized antenna while the device is operating in free space. However, when the device is attached to a user (e.g. at a user's wrist), the antenna utilizes the loading of the user's body tissue in order to suppress unwanted signals (e.g. left hand polarized signals) to permit operation in circular polarized mode (e.g. right hand polarized mode), thereby allowing for increased sensitivity to received circularly polarized signals such as those emanated from global positioning satellites.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for matching the antenna of a radio device in transmitting condition. The antenna impedance in the output of the power amplifier of a transmitter is adjusted by means of a ?-shaped reactive matching circuit, the component values of which can be selected from a relatively wide array of the alternatives. The component values are selected using multiple-way switches, which only are located in the transverse branches of the matching circuit. The switches are set by the control unit, input variables of which being the SWR value provided by the directional coupler, the operating band used each time and a value of the transmitting power. The matching is based on an adjusting process to be executed at regular intervals, in which process the control unit tries different combinations of the switch states and finally selects the combination, which brings the lowest SWR value.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: An antenna component (200) with a dielectric substrate and two radiating antenna elements. The elements are located on the upper surface of the substrate and there is a narrow slot (260) between them. The antenna feed conductor (241) is connected to the first antenna element (220), which is connected also to the ground by a short-circuit conductor (261). The second antenna element (230) is parasitic; it is galvanically connected only to the ground. The component is preferably manufactured by a semiconductor technique by growing a metal layer e.g. on a quartz substrate and removing a part of it so that the antenna elements remain. In this case the component further comprises supporting material (212) of the substrate chip. The antenna component is very small-sized because of the high dielectricity of the substrate to be used and mostly because the slot between the antenna elements is narrow. The efficiency of an antenna made by the component is high.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: A miniature patch antenna element useful for wireless applications such as portable radio devices, and methods for using and manufacturing the same. In one embodiment, a plurality of discrete ceramic elements creates a spatially loaded miniature patch antenna. Ceramic material is placed only at locations where it achieves the desired effect on reducing the physical length of a half-wave radiator. In one variant, these locations comprise the edges of the half-wave radiator (e.g., metallic plate). This configuration advantageously has lower weight, smaller size and reduced cost that result from using less ceramic material in the construction of the antenna. Moreover, RF performance of the antenna is improved as compared to a fully ceramic construction, as electric field losses in the spatially loaded antenna structure are reduced as well.

Abstract: An antenna component suited for small-sized radio devices for forming a dielectric antenna. A small auxiliary circuit board (210) is used for the matching of the antenna, the matching being based on a conductor pattern on it. A substrate chip (220), on the surface of which the radiator is, and the auxiliary board are fastened to each other, whereby the radiator is electrically connected to said conductor pattern. The radiator, its substrate and the auxiliary board form a unitary, solid antenna component (200), which is mounted on the circuit board (PWB) of the radio device. The antenna with its feed and matching circuits can be designed and tested as a whole of its own, in which case the reproducibility is good. In the design of the circuit board of the radio device, the antenna needs to be taken into account only by reserving a space for the antenna component on the circuit board.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: A method and an arrangement for matching the antenna of a radio device in transmitting condition. The antenna impedance in the output of the power amplifier of a transmitter is adjusted by means of a ?-shaped reactive matching circuit, the component values of which can be selected from a relatively wide array of the alternatives. The component values are selected by means of the multiple-way switches, which only are located in the transverse branches of the matching circuit. The switches are set (706) by the control unit, input variables of which being the SWR value provided by the directional coupler, the operating band used each time and a value of the transmitting power. The matching is based on an adjusting process to be executed at regular intervals, in which process the control unit tries different combinations of the switch states and finally selects (710) the combination, which brings the lowest SWR value.

Abstract: An antenna system internal to the device especially intended for small-sized mobile stations, the system having separate operating bands. The system is implemented as decentralized in a way that the device (300) has a plurality of separate antennas (310-360). Each antenna is based on (a) radiating element(s) on the surface of a dielectric substrate. The substrate can be, for example, a piece of ceramics or a part of the outer casing of the device. The antennas are located at suitable places in the device. The operating band of an individual antenna covers the frequency range used by one radio system, the frequency ranges close to each other and is used by two different radio systems or only the transmitting or receiving band of the frequency range used by a radio system. If the device has a shared transmitter and a shared receiver for the radio systems using frequency ranges close to each other, there can anyway be a separate antenna for each system or the antenna can also be shared.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: A multiband antenna, and component for implementing a multiband antenna for, e.g., a small-sized radio device. In one embodiment, the antenna component comprises a simple and reliable dielectric substrate, the conductive coating of which forms a radiating element. This has a plurality (e.g., two) resonances for forming separate operating bands. The lower resonance is based on the entire element, and the upper resonance on the head part of the element. The conductive coating has a pattern, which functions as a parallel resonance circuit between the head part and the tail part of the element. The natural frequency of this parallel resonance circuit is in the range of the upper operating band of the antenna. The resonance frequencies of the antenna and thus its operating bands can be tuned independently of each other so that the tuning cycle need not be repeated.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna and associated apparatus for communication systems and other applications. In one embodiment, a common junction network is provided having a first and a second radiator. The first radiator resonates in a first frequency band. The second radiator resonates in a second frequency band. The first and second frequency bands are different from one another (yet may overlap). A first electrical component is coupled to the common junction network and proximately located to the first radiator. The first electrical component creates a resonance with the common junction network to create a third frequency band proximate to the first frequency band. The first radiator is capable of communicating RF energy in the first frequency band and the third frequency band.

Abstract: An antenna (200) of an RFID reader based on the magnetic field, especially intended for mobile stations. The main coil (220) of the antenna is inductively coupled to the feeding source, whereby the main coil becomes galvanically isolated from the source. For this purpose, the antenna structure includes an auxiliary coil (230) and a feed element (240) in addition to the main coil. The auxiliary coil is galvanically connected to the main coil, and there is a relatively strong inductive coupling (M) between the feed element and the auxiliary coil. The feed element is coupled directly to the AC source in the reader, in which case an alternating voltage is induced in the auxiliary coil, and an alternating current is generated in it and the main coil. The connection to the RFID tag in the object is provided with the magnetic field corresponding to that current.

Abstract: An antenna component (200) with a dielectric substrate and two radiating antenna elements. The elements are located on the upper surface of the substrate and there is a narrow slot (260) between them. The antenna feed conductor (241) is connected to the first antenna element (220), which is connected also to the ground by a short-circuit conductor (261). The second antenna element (230) is parasitic; it is galvanically connected only to the ground. The component is preferably manufactured by a semiconductor technique by growing a metal layer e.g. on a quartz substrate and removing a part of it so that the antenna elements remain. In this case the component further comprises supporting material (212) of the substrate chip. The antenna component is very small-sized because of the high dielectricity of the substrate to be used and mostly because the slot between the antenna elements is narrow. The efficiency of an antenna made by the component is high.

Abstract: An antenna component suited for small-sized radio devices for forming a dielectric antenna. A small auxiliary circuit board (210) is used for the matching of the antenna, the matching being based on a conductor pattern on it. A substrate chip (220), on the surface of which the radiator is, and the auxiliary board are fastened to each other, whereby the radiator is electrically connected to said conductor pattern. The radiator, its substrate and the auxiliary board form a unitary, solid antenna component (200), which is mounted on the circuit board (PWB) of the radio device. The antenna with its feed and matching circuits can be designed and tested as a whole of its own, in which case the reproducibility is good. In the design of the circuit board of the radio device, the antenna needs to be taken into account only by reserving a space for the antenna component on the circuit board.

Abstract: An antenna component (and antenna) with a dielectric substrate and a plurality of radiating antenna elements on the surface of the substrate. In one embodiment, the plurality comprises two (2) elements, each of them covering one of the opposite heads and part of the upper surface of the device. The upper surface between the elements comprises a slot. The lower edge of one of the antenna elements is galvanically coupled to the antenna feed conductor on a circuit board, and at another point to the ground plane, while the lower edge of the opposite antenna element, or the parasitic element, is galvanically coupled only to the ground plane. The parasitic element obtains its feed through the electromagnetic coupling over the slot, and both elements resonate at the operating frequency. Omni-directionality is also achieved. Losses associated with the substrate are low due to the simple field image in the substrate.

Abstract: A multi-band antenna and associated apparatus for communication systems and other applications. In one embodiment, a common junction network is provided having a first and a second radiator. The first radiator resonates in a first frequency band. The second radiator resonates in a second frequency band. The first and second frequency bands are different from one another (yet may overlap). A first electrical component is coupled to the common junction network and proximately located to the first radiator. The first electrical component creates a resonance with the common junction network to create a third frequency band proximate to the first frequency band. The first radiator is capable of communicating RF energy in the first frequency band and the third frequency band.