Abstract: A focused ion beam (FIB) system has an ion beam from an ion source, a condenser lens, a current-limiting aperture, an electrostatic angular aperture control lens, an electrostatic objective lens, and a controller which controls the angular aperture control lens with a polarity with which charged particles are decelerated and the objective lens with a polarity with which the charged particles are accelerated.

Abstract: A focused ion beam (FIB) system has an ion beam from an ion source, a condenser lens, a current-limiting aperture, an electrostatic angular aperture control lens, an electrostatic objective lens, and a controller which controls the angular aperture control lens with a polarity with which charged particles are decelerated and the objective lens with a polarity with which the charged particles are accelerated.

Abstract: There is disclosed a focused ion beam (FIB) system which has an ion gun equipped with no suppressor electrode but which produces a regulated emission current. The extraction voltage is controlled to regulate the emission current. The FIB system has a control system that controls the extraction voltage as a function of (i) the difference between a measured current and a target current, (ii) the accumulated emission time from the last flashing of an emitter to the present time, and (iii) an accumulated emission pause time during which no emission is performed.

Abstract: A rocker arm mechanism in an OHC type engine which includes a cam which is rotatable while interlocking with a crank shaft; and a rocker arm which oscillates in accordance with the rotation of the cam so as to open and close an intake valve and an exhaust valve, characterized in that the rocker arm includes a rocker arm body and a pad member rotatably fitted to the rocker arm body and adapted to be a contact portion to the cam, and that the cam and the pad member are brought into contact with each other such that the pad member may rotate due to a frictional force generated between the cam and the pad member as the cam rotates.

Abstract: A universal joint of the type including: a first shaft to which tripod shafts are secured radially from the axis thereof; three rollers formed at the outer peripheries thereof with spherical surfaces and with which the tripod shafts are crowned; and a second shaft provided therein with raceways identical in number with the rollers and on which the outer peripheries of the rollers roll and are supported. The universal joint further includes a plurality of oil grooves provided at contact-roll surfaces between the rollers and the cylindrical raceways.