Abstract: Disclosed is a near-infrared absorbing composition, including: a near-infrared absorbing agent; and a solvent, wherein the near-infrared absorbing agent includes at least one of the following Component (A) and Component (B): Component (A): a component composed of a compound having a structure of the following general formula (I) and a metal ion; Component (B): a component composed of a metal complex that is obtainable by a reaction of the compound having the structure of the following general formula (I) and a metal compound.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns quantum repeater network system that does not need any matter qubit. According to the quantum repeater network system for performing quantum communication between one transmitter/receiver and the other transmitter/receiver via transmission repeaters and reception repeaters, each of the transmission repeaters prepares quantum systems in an irreducibly entangled state, each of the quantum systems being associated with a reception repeater as a transmission destination, and transmits, to the associated reception repeater, each of the quantum systems in the irreducibly entangled state together with a quantum system entangled with the quantum system.

Abstract: Provided is a quantum repeater network system that does not need any matter qubit. According to the quantum repeater network system for performing quantum communication between one transmitter/receiver and the other transmitter/receiver via transmission repeaters and reception repeaters, each of the transmission repeaters prepares quantum systems in an irreducibly entangled state, each of said quantum systems being associated with a reception repeater as a transmission destination, and transmits, to the associated reception repeater, each of the quantum systems in the irreducibly entangled state together with a quantum system entangled with the quantum system.

Abstract: The invention describes amino acid residues of the Smad2 protein which are important for phosphorylation and activity, and Smad2 polypeptide fragments and biologically functional variants thereof. Included and dominant-negative variants of Smad2 and antibodies relating thereto. Also included are nucleic acids which encode such variants. Antibodies which selectively bind pathway-restricted Smad proteins phosphorylated at the C-terminal tail also are provided. Methods and products for using such nucleic acids and polypeptides also are provided.

Abstract: The invention describes amino acid residues of the Smad2 protein which are important for phosphorylation and activity, and Smad2 polypeptide fragments and biologically functional variants thereof. Included and dominant-negative variants of Smad2 and antibodies relating thereto. Also included are nucleic acids which encode such variants. Antibodies which selectively bind pathway-restricted Smad proteins phosphorylated at the C-terminal tail also are provided. Methods and products for using such nucleic acids and polypeptides also are provided.

Abstract: The invention describes amino acid residues of the Smad2 protein which are important for phosphorylation and activity, and Smad2 polypeptide fragments and biologically functional variants thereof. Included and dominant-negative variants of Smad2 and antibodies relating thereto. Also included are nucleic acids which encode such variants. Antibodies which selectively bind pathway-restricted Smad proteins phosphorylated at the C-terminal tail also are provided. Methods and products for using such nucleic acids and polypeptides also are provided.

Abstract: An organic thin film electroluminescence element is disclosed. It comprises an organic compound represented by formula I in a luminescent layer or electron injection layer. The element may further comprises a compound represented by formula II in a hole injection layer. ##STR1## The definition is detailed in the description. The element has a greater intensity of luminescence and a high durability.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer provided on the substrate. The photosensitive layer comprises titanylphthalocyanine having a peak at a Bragg angle 2.theta. of 27.2.degree..+-.2.degree. in the Cu-K.alpha. X ray-diffraction spectrum thereof and an alkyldiol which has 3 to 12 carbon atoms and the two hydroxyl group is bonded to carbon atoms arranged at different position in the molecular thereof. The amount of the diol is 0.1 to 1000 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the titanyl-phthalocyanine.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive support and a photosensitive layer provided thereon. The photosensitive layer contains a carrier generation material and a compound represented by the following formula 1, 2 or 3; ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.11 and R.sub.21 are each a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, and aryloxy group or a heterocylic group; R.sub.2 to R.sub.9, R.sub.12 to R.sub.19 and R.sub.22 to R.sub.29 are independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, a cycloalkyl group, an aryl group or a heterocyclic group, said groups represented by R.sub.1 to R.sub.9, R.sub.11 to R.sub.19 and R.sub.21 to R.sub.29 each may have a substituent selected form a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, an aryloxy group, a thioether group, an acyl group and sulfonamido group.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrophotographic photoreceptor which comprises a conductive substrate and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, wherein the photosensitive layer contains a polysilane which is a homopolymer or a copolymer having at least one of repeating units represented by Formula (I) and Formula (II), and at least one of degradation inhibitors represented by Formula (III) through Formula (VIII), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group, an alkylsilyl group or an arylsilyl group, ##STR2## wherein A.sub.1 represents an oxygen atom or a sulfur atomR.sub.12 --A.sub.2 --COCOOH Formula (V)wherein R.sub.12 represents an aryl group or a substituted group, A.sub.2 represents --CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.dbd.CR.sub.13 --, R.sub.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photoreceptor is disclosed. The photoreceptor comprises a conductive support and provided thereon, a layer comprising a carrier generating material and a polymer having a repetition unit represented by the following formula (1); ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 independently represent a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an aryl group, an alkylsilyl group or an arylsilyl group, and n is a natural number.

Abstract: An electrophotographic photosensitive member having improved anti-oxidation properties by ozone, comprising a conductive substrate, disposed thereon, a photosensitive layer which includes, as principal constituents, a charge generating material and a charge transporting material, wherein the photosensitive layer contains at least one type of compound selected from a group of those represented by any of the following [A] through [D]:[A] Compounds represented by the following general formula [I]; ##STR1## [B] Bisspiroindene compounds represented by the following general formula [II]; ##STR2## [C] Bisspiroindene compounds represented by the following general formula [III]; ##STR3## [D] Compounds having in the molecular structure thereof at least one structure selected from the following groups; ##STR4## [wherein R represents a hydrogen atom, or organic substituent group.

Abstract: An image forming method which employs an electro-photographic photoreceptor having high sensitivity, high resistance to damage, high durability, and high resistance to ozone oxidation. The method comprises charging the surface of the photoreceptor with positive charge, the photoreceptor including a photoconductive base, a photoreceptive layer formed on the base and consisting of at least a layer having a charge transport function and a layer having a charge generating function, and a resin-containing non-photoreceptive layer formed on the photoreceptive layer as required, and in which one layer placed above the layer having a charge transport function contains an antioxidizing agent, forming an electrostatic latent image on the surface of the photoreceptor by image-like exposure, then developing the electrostatic latent image.

Abstract: A toner for developing electrostatic latent images is disclosed. This toner comprises as a binder a graft-polymer prepared by graft-polymerizing 99.5 to 92 parts by weight of a vinyl monomer to 0.5 to 8 parts by weight of an unsaturated polyester formed by condensing a polyvalent alcohol with a polybasic acid containing 5 to 90 mol % of unsaturated disbasic acid.

Abstract: Heat fusible toner for developing an electrostatic latent image comprising a heat fusible binder, a coloring agent, and optionally containing a magnetic substance, wherein the elasticity of the fused toner increases with time as it is kept in the fused state. The binder is preferably a polyester or polyamide obtained by condensing a polyvalent alcohol or amine with polyvalent carboxylic acids. The binder polymer preferably has at least one monomer component with three or more functional groups.

Abstract: A toner composition in particle form for electrophotography comprising an inorganic material powder, e.g., a magnetic material, which is dispersed together with other additives in a binder resin toner composed of a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer, e.g., a vinyl monomer, in the presence of a titanate coupling agent.

Abstract: There is disclosed a magnetic toner comprising a magnetic powder and a compound having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, A and M are the same as defined in the specification.The magnetic toner of the present invention has a high degree of blackening and permits the stable formation of a sharp image.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a toner by polymerizing an aqueous suspension of a monomer in the presence of a dispersant selected from orthophosphate, pyrophosphate and polyphosphate, a colorant and an anionic surfactant. The polymerization product is then treated with dilute acid and rinsed with water whereby the dispersant is removed from the polymerization product.

Abstract: Herein disclosed are a toner composition for the development of electrostatic latent images which comprises a polymer obtained by polymerizing a polymerizable monomer or monomers in the presence of a chlorinated polyolefin, and a method for preparing the same.

Abstract: A process for manufacturing towers and their use in developing an electrostatically charged image comprising polymerized grains formed by the suspension polymerization of an alpha-beta unsaturated polymeric monomer or monomers in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, ferric hydroxide titanium hydroxide and thorium hydroxide.