Abstract: This specification discloses a novel multi-tone display matrix display device.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display apparatus including a liquid crystal panel of a plurality of dots, an X drive circuit for supplying display information of at least one line to the liquid crystal panel and a Y drive circuit for selecting one-dot data for each line of the liquid crystal panel, the X drive circuit and the Y drive circuit enabling energization of the liquid crystal panel. A plurality of memories are provided for receiving a plurality of bits of information data and for storing at least M dot display information data so as to enable display of a respective line of the liquid crystal panel, M being an integer.

Abstract: In a half tone display driving circuit for a liquid crystal matrix panel, a pulse for half tone display is phase modulated so that pulse signals which are out of phase relative to each other are applied to adjacent columns of the liquid crystal matrix panel, or from the phase-modulated pulse a gray scale pulse (tone pulse) is prepared in which the frequency of occurrence of voltage edges is decreased. The dephased pulse signals or the gray scale pulse (tone pulse) is used to prevent a decrease in brightness of display when the liquid crystal matrix panel is driven for half tone display.

Abstract: A flat display driver in a drive circuit for driving a flat display including a memory storing data to be displayed on a display panel of a line scan type having a two-dimensional structure constituted with N rows by M columns, an address generator for generating a read address of the memory and a line clock signal, a data output terminal for supplying the display panel with data read from the memory, and a line clock signal output terminal for supplying the line clock signal from the address generator to the display panel.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display device, light transmitting through a liquid crystal layer is colored depending on the structural conditions of the liquid crystal display device. The phase of the transmission light is corrected by means of a phase correction plate to make the transmission light approximate achromatic color, thereby permitting monochromatic display or color display.

Abstract: A data converting system converts CRT display data into display data for another display unit such as a liquid crystal display unit by use of a memory. The system includes a data load controller which selects one segment of data out of two segments of data in the CRT display data successively while changing the segment position to be selected alternately in every two frame scanning periods so that the CRT display data for one complete picture is written into the memory in two frame scanning periods, i.e., a segment is written into the memory once for every two adjacent segments. Display data is read out of the memory in the data form conformable to the other display unit.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for driving a liquid crystal display provided, in the same liquid crystal panel, with a dot matrix display part and a fixed pattern or segment display part. The dot matrix display part is driven in a time-multiplexed fashion, while the fixed pattern or segment display part is driven in a static fashion using driving voltage waveforms in common with the dot matrix display part.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprises: a liquid crystal module including liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal picture elements arranged in a matrix form, and driving circuits for applying driving signals to signal electrodes and to scanning electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel, respectively; a control circuit for controlling operations of the liquid crystal module; and a means for inverting polarity of a voltage to be applied to a liquid crystal layer by generating a control signal M' having a period m.tau. which signal inverts the polarity of the voltage to be applied to the liquid crystal layer whenever a clock signal having a period .tau. is counted a predetermined number m/2. However, if a period of a frame frequency is n.tau. and an arbitrary integer is L,(1) m is set to be 2n/(2L-1), or(2) m is set to be n/L and the control signal M' is inverted per said frame period n.tau.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device comprising a liquid crystal module including liquid crystal display panel having a plurality of liquid crystal picture elements arranged in a matrix form, and driving circuits for applying driving signals to signal electrodes and to scanning electrodes of the liquid crystal display panel, respectively; a control circuit for controlling the operation of the liquid crystal module; a first circuit for dividing frequency of a timing signal given by the control circuit and producing a first signal of lower frequency; and a second circuit for inverting the first signal of lower frequency once per frame period and generating a second signal to reverse the polarity of voltages applied to liquid crystal display elements with its period .tau..sub.M" satisfying the inequality2.0.ltoreq..tau..sub.F (the frame period)/.tau..sub.M" .ltoreq.6.0.

Abstract: Between a liquid crystal module and a control circuit for controlling said liquid crystal module, there are provided that a counter circuit for counting down a timing signal given by said control circuit and an exclusive-OR circuit whose inputs are square wave pulses delivered from said counter circuit and square wave pulses given by said control circuit with a period of twice the frame period. The polarity of voltages applied to liquid crystal module is reversed by square wave pulses delivered from the exclusive-OR circuit with frequency higher than the frame frequency.

Abstract: A transparent electroconductive film formed on a glass substrate by a special wettability-improving treatment of the surface portion of a SiO.sub.2 film formed on the glass substrate, followed by coating with an indium complex solution, drying, irradiation with ultraviolet light and calcination, has low sheet resistance, good film properties and high quality.

Abstract: In order to provide a good connection to external circuitry for a liquid crystal display device, electrode terminals provided on a substrate of the device are connected to lead terminals formed on a flexible sheet in alignment with the arrangement of the electode terminals through an elongated planar hot-melt binder layer. Electrically conductive islands penetrating through the thickness of the binder layer are formed to be in alignment with the electrode terminals. Thus, in such a structure, good connection is attained between the display device and an external circuit through the lead terminals.

Abstract: In a liquid crystal display element having a twisted structure wherein the periphery of two transparent glass substrates having electrodes according to desired display patterns is sealed with a sealing medium and a liquid crystal is enclosed in the space thus produced, the one characterized by having an undercoating film of metal oxide on the inner surface of each glass substrate, having a transparent electrode on each undercoating film of metal oxide and having an orientation controlling film made from an organic polymer and having abrasion grooves along a certain direction on each electrode can give a liquid crystal display element excellent in heat resistance of the orientation controlling film, excellent in adhesion to the glass substrates, and the like without causing a voltage drop, or without damaging rising of voltage-brightness property and response property.

Abstract: Transparent conductive films produced by a series of steps comprising a coating step in which a solution obtained by dissolving an indium compound and a tin compound in an organic solvent is coated on a substrate; a preliminary drying step in which the coated substrate is dried at a temperature of 35.degree. to 100.degree. C.; a temperature rise step in which the coated substrate is heated at a temperature rise rate of 20.degree. C./min or more up to 400.degree. C. or higher; and a calcination step in which the coated substrate is calcined at a temperature of 400.degree. C. or higher, or by repeating said series of steps two or more times, have excellent properties such as strong adhesive strength to a substrate, excellent transmittance and remarkably low sheet resistance.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display element is produced by forming an electrical insulating metal oxide film on a transparent glass substrate, forming a transparent conductive film thereon by coating a coating solution prepared by diluting a solute comprising indium, tin, a .beta.-diketone and nitric acid with an organic solvent, followed by calcination, etching the transparent conductive film to give electrodes having desired patterns, placing the two resulting glass substrates in parallel so that individual electrodes at the inner side stand opposite to each other, and enclosing a liquid crystal material in the space formed between the two glass substrates. The liquid crystal display element thus produced has transparent electrodes which have low sheet resistance, enhanced mechanical strength and strong adhesive strength to the glass substrate.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device of the type comprising outer and lower substrates, electrodes formed on the inner surfaces of the substrates, liquid crystal orientation layers covering the protective films, and a liquid crystal interposed between the liquid crystal orientation films, is manufactured by forming the liquid crystal orientation layers by depositing SiO onto the protective films at a definite deposition angle with respect to the protective films and at a vapor deposition speed which varies in accordance with the type of the liquid crystal used.