Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes processing circuitry that generates a first data sequence representing first data or a second data sequence representing second data different from the first data and selects the first data sequence as an output data sequence. A modulation scheme is determined from a plurality of modulation schemes, and the output data sequence is modulated with the determined modulation scheme. Transmission circuitry transmits the modulated output data sequence. A first time interval associated with selecting the first data sequence for the output data sequence is longer than a second time interval associated with determining the determined modulation scheme.

Abstract: In an image forming apparatus, a resistance component of an inner impedance of an electricity removing member is equal to or lower than a value that is obtained by multiplying a calculated resistance value by a first specific value, the calculated resistance value being calculated based on a predetermined formula as a DC resistance value of the electricity removing member that is required to reduce a pre-electricity-removal potential of a photoconductor to a predetermined post-electricity-removal potential during an electricity removal time, the first specific value being calculated based on a ratio of a linear speed of the electricity removing member to a linear speed of the photoconductor, and a resistance component of the contact impedance of the electricity removing member is equal to or lower than a value that is obtained by multiplying the calculated resistance value by a second specific value that is calculated based on the ratio.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus maps a first stream of input data to first complex symbols in serial format and convert them into first complex symbols in parallel format. They are inverse Fourier transformed into OFDM signals associated with multiple subcarriers that are transmitted via a first antenna over the multiple subcarriers in a same frequency band over a same time period that includes a same set of time slots. First pilot information is transmitted via a first antenna on a first one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots, and second pilot information is sent via a first antenna on a second one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots. The second pilot information is different from the first pilot information. A second stream of input data is similarly transformed to form second OFDM signals transmit via a second antenna over the multiple subcarriers in the same frequency band over the same time period that includes the same set of time slots.

Abstract: An on-board radar apparatus includes a transmitter/receiver that transmits a radar signal to a detection range for every frame and receives one or more reflected signals which are the radar signal reflected by one or more objects; a detector that detects, for every frame in each direction within the detection range, a position of a reflection point closest to the on-board radar apparatus as a boundary candidate position, which serves as a boundary with a region where no object exists within the detection range, among one or more reflection points detected on the basis of the one or more reflected signals; a calculator that calculates movement amount concerning an amount of movement of the on-board radar apparatus; an estimator that generates, for every frame in each direction within the detection range, an estimated boundary position by converting the boundary candidate position detected in a past frame into a boundary position in a current frame on the basis of the movement amount; and a smoother that perfor

Abstract: A transmission apparatus maps a first stream of input data to first complex symbols in serial format and convert them into first complex symbols in parallel format. They are inverse Fourier transformed into OFDM signals associated with multiple subcarriers that are transmitted via a first antenna over the multiple subcarriers in a same frequency band over a same time period that includes a same set of time slots. First pilot information is transmitted via a first antenna on a first one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots, and second pilot information is sent via a first antenna on a second one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots. The second pilot information is different from the first pilot information. A second stream of input data is similarly transformed to form second OFDM signals transmit via a second antenna over the multiple subcarriers in the same frequency band over the same time period that includes the same set of time slots.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor and an electricity removing member electrically grounded and disposed to be in contact with a surface of the photoconductor. In the image forming apparatus, with regard to a capacitance component of an inner impedance of the electricity removing member and a capacitance component of a contact impedance of the electricity removing member that are calculated from a Cole-Cole plot obtained from measurement by an AC impedance method in a predetermined frequency range, a value obtained by dividing the capacitance component of the contact impedance by the capacitance component of the inner impedance is equal to or lower than a predetermined first specific value, and the capacitance component of the inner impedance is equal to or lower than a predetermined second specific value.

Abstract: Modulated signal A is transmitted from a first antenna, and modulated signal B is transmitted from a second antenna. As modulated signal B, modulated symbols S2(i) and S2(i+1) obtained from different data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. In contrast, as modulated signal A, modulated symbols S1(i) and S1(i)? obtained by changing the signal point arrangement of the same data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. As a result the reception quality can be changed intentionally at time i and time i+1, and therefore using the demodulation result of modulated signal A of a time when the reception quality is good enables both modulated signals A and B to be demodulated with good error rate performances.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus wherein a simple structure is used to successfully suppress the degradation of error rate performance that otherwise would be caused by fading or the like. There are included encoding parts that encode transport data; a mapping part that performs such a mapping that encoded data sequentially formed by the encoding parts are not successively included in the same symbol, thereby forming data symbols; and a symbol interleaver that interleaves the data symbols. In this way, a low computational complexity can be used to perform an interleaving process equivalent to a bit interleaving process to effectively improve the reception quality at a receiving end.

Abstract: A monitoring-target-region setting device includes: an object detector that detects one or more objects present around an own vehicle; a discriminator that discriminates, on the basis of position information of the own vehicle accumulated in every determined cycle, whether the own vehicle is located within a determined distance range from an assumed region; a monitoring-target-region setter that sets, when the own vehicle is located within the determined distance range, a monitoring target region including the assumed region and being updated according to the position information of the own vehicle; and an object selector that selects, from the one or more objects detected in the monitoring target region, a target for which alarm is performed.

Abstract: Modulated signal A is transmitted from a first antenna, and modulated signal B is transmitted from a second antenna. As modulated signal B, modulated symbols S2(i) and S2(i+1) obtained from different data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. In contrast, as modulated signal A, modulated symbols S1(i) and S1(i)? obtained by changing the signal point arrangement of the same data are transmitted at time i and time i+1 respectively. As a result the reception quality can be changed intentionally at time i and time i+1, and therefore using the demodulation result of modulated signal A of a time when the reception quality is good enables both modulated signals A and B to be demodulated with good error rate performances.

Abstract: A radar device includes: a transmission beam controller that selects, every first period, a transmission beam set used for transmission of a radar signal from among a plurality of transmission beam sets each including at least two transmission beam directions; and a radar transmitter that transmits the radar signal in a predetermined transmission period by using the selected transmission beam set, wherein the transmission beam controller switching, every second period within the first period, among the at least two transmission beam directions included in the transmission beam set.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus maps a first stream of input data to first complex symbols in serial format and convert them into first complex symbols in parallel format. They are inverse Fourier transformed into OFDM signals associated with multiple subcarriers that are transmitted via a first antenna over the multiple subcarriers in a same frequency band over a same time period that includes a same set of time slots. First pilot information is transmitted via a first antenna on a first one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots, and second pilot information is sent via a first antenna on a second one of a plurality of pilot subcarriers during the same set of time slots. The second pilot information is different from the first pilot information. A second stream of input data is similarly transformed to form second OFDM signals transmit via a second antenna over the multiple subcarriers in the same frequency band over the same time period that includes the same set of time slots.

Abstract: In a multi-antenna communication system using LDPC codes, a simple method is used to effectively improve the received quality by performing a retransmittal of less data without restricting applicable LDPC codes. In a case of a non-retransmittal, a multi-antenna transmitting apparatus transmits, from two antennas, LDPC encoded data formed by LDPC encoding blocks. In a case of a retransmittal, the multi-antenna transmitting apparatus uses a transmission method, in which the diversity gain is higher than in the previous transmission, to transmit only a part of the LDPC encoded data as previously transmitted. For example, the only the part of the LDPC encoded data to be re-transmitted is transmitted from the single antenna.

Abstract: In a multi-antenna communication system using LDPC codes, a simple method is used to effectively improve the received quality by performing a retransmittal of less data without restricting applicable LDPC codes. In a case of a non-retransmittal, a multi-antenna transmitting apparatus transmits, from two antennas, LDPC encoded data formed by LDPC encoding blocks. In a case of a retransmittal, the multi-antenna transmitting apparatus uses a transmission method, in which the diversity gain is higher than in the previous transmission, to transmit only a part of the LDPC encoded data as previously transmitted. For example, the only the part of the LDPC encoded data to be re-transmitted is transmitted from the single antenna.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes processing circuitry that generates a first data sequence representing first data or a second data sequence representing second data different from the first data and selects the first data sequence as an output data sequence. A modulation scheme is determined from a plurality of modulation schemes, and the output data sequence is modulated with the determined modulation scheme. Transmission circuitry transmits the modulated output data sequence. A first time interval associated with selecting the first data sequence for the output data sequence is longer than a second time interval associated with determining the determined modulation scheme.

Abstract: Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) communication is provided which allows high accuracy estimation of frequency offset, high accuracy estimation of a transmission path fluctuation and high accuracy synchronization/signal detection. Pilot symbol mapping is provided for forming pilot carriers by assigning orthogonal sequences to corresponding subcarriers among OFDM signals which are transmitted at the same time from respective antennas in the time domain. Even when pilot symbols are multiplexed among a plurality of channels (antennas), this allows frequency offset/phase noise to be estimated with high accuracy.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a charging roller and a developing voltage application portion. The charging roller is in contact with a rotating image carrier to charge the image carrier. The developing voltage application portion applies a developing bias voltage including an AC component to a developing roller in a developing portion, when the image carrier is in a rotation state with no image. The rotation state with no image indicates a state in which the charged image carrier rotates with no electrostatic latent image being formed thereon. The developing portion supplies toner containing an external additive to the image carrier.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes a photoconductor and an electricity removing member electrically grounded and disposed to be in contact with a surface of the photoconductor. In the image forming apparatus, with regard to a capacitance component of an inner impedance of the electricity removing member and a capacitance component of a contact impedance of the electricity removing member that are calculated from a Cole-Cole plot obtained from measurement by an AC impedance method in a predetermined frequency range, a value obtained by dividing the capacitance component of the contact impedance by the capacitance component of the inner impedance is equal to or lower than a predetermined first specific value, and the capacitance component of the inner impedance is equal to or lower than a predetermined second specific value.

Abstract: A transmission apparatus includes a plurality of antennas and a transmission scheme determination processor that selects one of either a first transmission scheme of transmitting a plurality of signals including a first amount of data in a frame, respectively, from the plurality of antennas, and a second transmission scheme of transmitting a plurality of signals including a second greater amount of data in a frame, respectively, from the plurality of antennas. The apparatus includes a modulation scheme selection processor that selects a modulation scheme among a plurality of modulation schemes and a control processor that controls the transmission scheme determination processor and the modulation scheme selection processor to change the transmission scheme less frequently than the modulation scheme. A transmitter transmits from the plurality of antennas a signal generated based on the selected transmission scheme and the selected modulation scheme.

Abstract: A transmitter apparatus wherein a simple structure is used to successfully suppress the degradation of error rate performance that otherwise would be caused by fading or the like. There are included encoding parts that encode transport data; a mapping part that performs such a mapping that encoded data sequentially formed by the encoding parts are not successively included in the same symbol, thereby forming data symbols; and a symbol interleaver that interleaves the data symbols. In this way, a low computational complexity can be used to perform an interleaving process equivalent to a bit interleaving process to effectively improve the reception quality at a receiving end.