Abstract: A ceramic isothermal forging die comprises a pair of disk-shaped die halves that are formed of ceramic and have die cavities cut in their mating surfaces and a pair of die half holders each having a recess for accommodating one of the die halves. Each die half is divided into a plurality of radial segments whose bottom surfaces are tapered away from their mating surface with increasing proximity to the center of the die. The floor of each die half holder is tapered to become deeper toward the center of the die and to be complementary to the tapered bottom surfaces of the die segments. The ceramic material of the die makes it usable in the atmosphere. Because of the segmentation of the die halves and the tapering of the segment bottoms and the floor of the die holder recesses, a large force which would otherwise be produced in the circumferential direction of the die by thermal stress during heating and cooling is suppressed.

Abstract: A nonskid device for a tire, shoe sole or the like. The device comprises a stud that is embedded in a hole formed inwardly from the tread of the tire or shoe sole. The stud is a generally spherical or cylindrical body having an annular stud tip formed integrally therewith at one end thereof and is retained in the hole, either directly or via a cup, by an annular projection protruding inward from the wall of the hole. In normal slip-free travel, the stud tip does not project above the tread, and only the apex of the spherical or cylindrical body thereof is exposed at the plane of the tread. When the tread slips relative to the road surface, a force acts on the apex to cause the stud to rotate by a small angle. This causes the stud tip to rise beyond the plane of the tread and bite into the road surface.

Abstract: A high strength low ductile alloy is formed in a desired shape with high accuracy by bundling a multiplicity of fine wires made of the high strength low ductile alloy, consolidating the bundle of fine wires into a prescribed shape thereby giving rise to a formed product wherein the interiors of the fine wires comprises aggregates of very fine grains resulting from primary recrystallization and subjecting the formed product to thermal treatment for grain growth at the temperature of secondary recrystallization whereby the very fine grains undergo grain growth.