Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for scrubbing pyrolysis gases are disclosed with which a particulate scrubbing agent such as calcium hydroxide is caused to act on the gas which is being passed through a bulk bed filter, preferably of calcium carbonate, the particles of the bulk bed filter being moved continuously.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the hygienization of carbonation sludges. For this purpose, these are mixed with wastes having a high calorific value and containing organic substances and are decomposed by pyrolysis, in the absence of air, at a temperature from 200.degree. C. to 800.degree. C., preferably 250.degree. C. to 720.degree. C.The fuel gases obtained in the decomposition by pyrolysis can be utilized for external heating of the thermal reactor, autothermic operation, that is to say self-sustaining operation, becoming possible when wastes of high calorific value are added to the carbonation sludge in such a quantity that the calorific value of the waste mixture is more than 1,000 kcal/kg.

Abstract: A process for the pyrolysis of refuse of all kinds wherein the refuse is subjected to carbonization to produce solid residues and raw carbonization gases, the residues and gases are separated, the gases are divided into two parts, one part of the gases is completely burned to produce hot flue gases, the flue gases are mixed with the second part of the raw carbonization gases, the mixture of gases is cracked in a reactor, and the cracked gases are cooled.

Abstract: Household or industrial refuse is first passed through a device which rips open garbage bags, breaks open cardboard boxes, and breaks up bundles. Then this refuse is passed through a magnetic separator that extracts all the ferromagnetic elements. Thereafter the refuse is subjected to a coarse comminution and passed through a sieve to eliminate particulate material. The sieved refuse is then fed to an air-classifier which separates it into heavy, medium-heavy, and light fractions. The medium-heavy fraction is more finely communited, then passed through a zig-zag air-classifier and a cyclone to recover material usable in the production of paper, which is combined with the light fraction from the air classifier for reclamation.

Abstract: A light refuse fraction including flat pieces of different rip resistance, such as relatively rip-resistant synthetic-resin foils and textiles and less rip-resistant paper, is separated by first suspending the material in a gas stream which is passed over an entrapment element. This entrapment element is so oriented that pieces of the material catch on it. The speed of the stream of gas relative to the entrapment element is such that the less rip-resistant pieces tear free from the entrapment element and the more rip-resistant pieces remain caught on it. Thereafter a stripper element serves to clear the more rip-resistant pieces off the entrapment element and segregate them from the less rip-resistant pieces. In this manner it is possible to recover from the light fraction separated out in a refuse-sorting plant the flat pieces of paper that are recycled for use in making paper products.