Abstract: In an internal combustion engine having direct injection and spark ignition, charging air is introduced in stratified charge operation through one of two valve-controlled intake channels into a cylinder having a roof-like cylinder head end and a piston having a piston head with a recess oriented toward the intake side. The charging air is introduced forms a swirl flow, into which fuel is introduced. To avoid fuel accumulation on the recess wall, a strong swirl flow with a compact swirl core is achieved through a flow-optimized filling channel, with the swirl core being held in a fixed position in a rotor recess at the latest in the second section of the stroke of the piston toward top dead center such that fuel introduced into the swirl core with a relatively late end of the injection is supplied to an ignition device due to the piston movement toward top dead center.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: An angle type power screwdriver having a housing comprising a main housing is disclosed, within which a drive, a reduction gear coupled therewith and a spindle driven thereby are received. An angle head comprising a tool spindle arranged at an angle to the spindle and driven thereby for driving a tool comprises an angle head housing that is connected to the main housing via an adjusting device angularly adjustable. The reduction gear comprises a reaction part receiving a reaction moment with respect to the spindle, the angle head housing being connected with the reaction part for common rotation therewith and being coupled to the drive via the adjusting device.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: An infrared lamp with a closed-off enveloping tube which encloses an emission source joined with contacts for a power supply in the form of a carbon ribbon which, extending in a direction of a long axis of the enveloping tube, determines an irradiation length of the infrared lamp in the sense of a higher irradiation output. The carbon ribbon has a length which is larger than the irradiation length by a factor of at least 1.5. With a procedure for heating a material to be processed using the infrared lamp, which makes possible short processing times in connection with a simultaneous high degree of energy efficiency, the infrared lamp may be operated such that its maximum emission lies within a wavelength range from 1.8 &mgr;m to 2.9 &mgr;m, and such that its power output comes to at least 15 Watts per cm3 of the volume enclosed by the enveloping tube over the irradiation length.

Abstract: An angle type power screwdriver having a housing comprising a main housing is disclosed, within which a drive, a reduction gear coupled therewith and a spindle driven thereby are received. An angle head comprising a tool spindle arranged at an angle to the spindle and driven thereby for driving a tool comprises an angle head housing that is connected to the main housing via an adjusting device angularly adjustable. The reduction gear comprises a reaction part receiving a reaction moment with respect to the spindle, the angle head housing being connected with the reaction part for common rotation therewith and being coupled to the drive via the adjusting device.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: A radiation system has at least two elongated envelope tubes permeable to light and infrared radiation which are joined together and sealed from the ambient atmosphere, a first envelope tube of which contains an incandescent coil which is electrically connected through sealed tube ends and external contacts to an external power supply and emits infrared radiation in the near IR range; furthermore, at least a second envelope tube is provided which has an elongated carbon strip as an infrared radiator for radiation in the medium IR range, which is likewise connected through sealed ends and external contacts with the external power supply or with an additional external power supply. Preferably a carbon strip is used as the radiator strip, which is configured either as an elongated coil or forms an elongated strip.

Abstract: In infrared radiators whose heater is disposed in an envelope tube of transparent or opaque fused vitreous silica, radiation losses can be reduced by a reflective coating, for example of gold, placed on the envelope tube. To improve the thermal stability of the reflective coating, a protective coating of zirconium, silicon and/or tin dioxide is proposed. The protective coating can be made by using thermally degradable organic zirconium, silicon and/or tin compounds.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a cutting filament for a vegetation cutter. The vegetation cutter includes a drive motor which sets the cutting filament in motion thereby producing noise. The cutting filament extends substantially radially outwardly because of the centrifugal force. The cutting filament reduces noise especially at high rotational speeds and thus also at high peripheral speeds. This is achieved in that the cutting filament is configured to have a cross section not having point symmetry. The cutting filament preferably has at least one slot and/or protrusion formed in the surface thereof to extend in the longitudinal direction. The slot and/or protrusion can, for example, be formed so as to follow a helical path with respect to the longitudinal axis of the filament or it can extend parallel to this axis.

Abstract: An optically readable, high storage density information carrier usually in the form of a disk, for example, a digitally recorded audio disk (CD) or a video disk (VLP) including a base, and a microstructure on the base which contains the recorded information, and consists of spiral or annular tracks or channels on one or both sides thereof. A reflective layer of a suitable metal or alloy is applied to the side of the information disk carrying the microstructure in at least that portion in which the microstructure exists. The present invention provides an improved reflective layer which, in turn, is covered by a protective layer. The improved reflective layer is a metal alloy selected from one of the following groups of alloys: (1) a Cu-Cr alloy containing from 0.3 to 1.5% chromium, (2) an Al-Mg-Si alloy containing 0.5 to 1.5% each of magnesium and silicon, and (3) an Mg-Mn-Si alloy containing 1.2 to 2% manganese and 0.05 to 0.1% silicon.

Abstract: The invention relates to the production of anhydrous alkyl iodides. To this end, carboxylic acid alkyl esters of the formula R.sup.1 COOR.sup.2, in which R.sup.1 stands for hydrogen or an alkyl or aryl radical having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and R.sup.2 stands for an alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, are reacted with iodine and hydrogen and optionally with carbon monoxide in the presence of compounds of noble metals comprised of rhodium, iridium, palladium or ruthenium as catalyst, and of a heterocyclic aromatic compound, in which at least one hetero atom is a quaternary nitrogen atom, or of a quaternary organophosphorus compound as a promoter, and optionally also in the presence of a carboxylic acid having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms and/or its anhydrides. The reaction is effected under practically anhydrous conditions at temperatures of from 350 to 420 K. and under a total pressure of up to 30 bars.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for making acetic anhydride by reacting methyl acetate and/or dimethylether with carbon monoxide under practically anhydrous conditions, at temperatures of 350 to 575 K., under pressures of 1 to 300 bars, and in the presence of a catalyst system containing noble metals belonging to group VIII of the periodic system of the elements, or compounds thereof, iodine and/or its compounds, and an aliphatic carboxylic acid having 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The improved process is effected in the presence of a catalyst system containing, as additional ingredients, a heterocyclic aromatic compound, in which at least one hetero atom is a quaternary nitrogen atom, or a quaternary organophosphorus compound, and a zirconium compound being soluble in the reaction mixture.