Abstract: A vehicle-control communication system, in which a plurality of control function units such as ECI (engine control) are separated into an I/O processing function and an operation control function, and the I/O processing function for each control function unit comprises I/O processing nodes, while the operation control function is formed as one of the operation control nodes for each of vehicle control groups each obtained by integrating control function units with a relation therebetween into one group. Transmit-receive of information within each of the vehicle control groups is executed via any of first communication lines, while transmit-receive of information between the vehicle control groups is executed via a second communication line.

Abstract: An apparatus for controlling the degree of fiber variations in paper sheet has a formation meter for receiving an image of transmitted light on one side of an area of paper from a light source located on the other side of the area of paper, an image processing computing element for introducing the image from said formation meter for image processing and a fuzzy control unit for calculating and outputting optimum J/W ratio, optimum foil angle, and optimum deflector pushing degree and angle on the basis of results of image processing from said image processing computing element.

Abstract: A formation control method and apparatus in which an image is emitted from a light source and transmitted through a predetermined area of paper an captured by a camera to be displayed as transmitted light image on a display of an image processing computing element, the transmitted light image displayed on the display being image-analyzed to obtain formation factor for quantification of the formation, J/W ratio and the like being optimized by fuzzy control using membership functions based on said formation factor so as to improve the formation.