Abstract: It is known that when etching gold films using etching solutions containing iodine and iodide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NP) is added to improve the etching solution's wettability, microfabrication property, and solution life. However, in recent years, the use of NMP has been regulated due to its adverse effects on human health. The present invention provides an etching solution and etching method for gold film that improves wettability, microfabrication property, and solution life without containing NP. In order to address the problem of the prior art, the present invention provides etching solutions and etching methods for gold films that improve wettability, microfabrication property, and liquid life without NMP, characterized by the inclusion of a specific organic solvent in the etching solution containing iodine and iodide.

Abstract: A valve device includes: a housing having an inner peripheral wall defining a cylindrical space therein; a fluid introduction path formed in the housing to communicate with the cylindrical space; fluid discharge paths formed in the housing to communicate with the cylindrical space; a valve body accommodated in the cylindrical space and formed of a spherical body having a communication path communicating the fluid introduction path with at least one of the fluid discharge paths; a valve body rotating mechanism rotating the valve body about an axis of the cylindrical space; a protrusion protruding from the inner peripheral wall toward the axis of the cylindrical space to surround at least a portion of an opening in the fluid introduction path; and a seal member provided on the protrusion and capable of abutting on the valve body.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator includes: a housing including a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a water storage section at a lower side of the gas inlet and the gas outlet; a collision wall provided inside the housing to collide with a gas that contains water introduced from the gas inlet to separate the water from the gas by adhering the water thereto while changing a flow direction of the gas; and a downflow wall provided inside the housing to introduce the water falling from the collision wall into the water storage section and change the flow direction of the gas.

Abstract: A gas and water discharge unit for a fuel cell system that can be prevented from freezing even when it is formed using resin material. The unit includes a gas-liquid separator for separating produced water from fuel off-gas discharged from a fuel cell device, a gas and water discharge valve disposed downstream of the gas-liquid separator, and a resin unit body integrally formed with the gas-liquid separator and the gas and water discharge valve, in which the inside of the unit body includes a first channel with a valve seal at an end thereof on the gas and water discharge valve side, the first channel allowing communication between the gas-liquid separator and the gas and water discharge valve, a second channel communicating with the first channel via the gas and water discharge valve, and a heated water channel surrounding at least one of the first or second channel.

Abstract: A valve device includes: a housing having an inner peripheral wall defining a cylindrical space therein; a fluid introduction path formed in the housing to communicate with the cylindrical space; fluid discharge paths formed in the housing to communicate with the cylindrical space; a valve body accommodated in the cylindrical space and formed of a spherical body having a communication path communicating the fluid introduction path with at least one of the fluid discharge paths; a valve body rotating mechanism rotating the valve body about an axis of the cylindrical space; a protrusion protruding from the inner peripheral wall toward the axis of the cylindrical space to surround at least a portion of an opening in the fluid introduction path; and a seal member provided on the protrusion and capable of abutting on the valve body.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell which performs electric power generation using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas; a first supply pipe which supplies the fuel gas to the fuel cell; a first discharge pipe which discharges a fuel off gas and water led out from the fuel cell, by electric power generation of the fuel cell, to the outside; a second supply pipe which supplies the oxidant gas to the fuel cell; and an exhaust and drain valve which is disposed in the first discharge pipe, and regulates or allows the fuel off gas and the water to be discharged to the outside. The exhaust and drain valve includes a housing, a valve body, a diaphragm, a first port, a second port, a third port, and a valve seat.

Abstract: A gas and water discharge unit for a fuel cell system that can be prevented from freezing even when it is formed using resin material The unit includes a gas-liquid separator for separating produced water from fuel off-gas discharged from a fuel cell device, a gas and water discharge valve disposed downstream of the gas-liquid separator, and a resin unit body integrally formed with the gas-liquid separator and the gas and water discharge valve, in which the inside of the unit body includes a first channel with a valve seal at an end thereof on the gas and water discharge valve side, the first channel allowing communication between the gas-liquid separator and the gas and water discharge valve, a second channel communicating With the first channel via the gas and water discharge valve, and a heated water channel surrounding at least one of the first or second channel.

Abstract: A gas-liquid separator includes: a housing including a gas inlet, a gas outlet, and a water storage section at a lower side of the gas inlet and the gas outlet; a collision wall provided inside the housing to collide with a gas that contains water introduced from the gas inlet to separate the water from the gas by adhering the water thereto while changing a flow direction of the gas; and a downflow wall provided inside the housing to introduce the water falling from the collision wall into the water storage section and change the flow direction of the gas.

Abstract: A fuel cell system includes: a fuel cell which performs electric power generation using a fuel gas containing hydrogen and an oxidant gas; a first supply pipe which supplies the fuel gas to the fuel cell; a first discharge pipe which discharges a fuel off gas and water led out from the fuel cell, by electric power generation of the fuel cell, to the outside; a second supply pipe which supplies the oxidant gas to the fuel cell; and an exhaust and drain valve which is disposed in the first discharge pipe, and regulates or allows the fuel off gas and the water to be discharged to the outside. The exhaust and drain valve includes a housing, a valve body, a diaphragm, a first port, a second port, a third port, and a valve seat.

Abstract: To provide a health management system including health data measuring devices shared by a plurality of persons and health data measuring devices used by an individual together, which unites health data measured by each health data measuring device with the user practicing the measurement to allot user ID etc. to the health data as well as to provide a personalizing terminal and a health management data integrating method. A personalizing terminal 160 receives attribute information and health data from common devices 110 to 130 as the health data measuring devices shared by the plurality of persons, gives a user ID to the health data at a user ID allocator 163 and transmits the health data and the aforementioned attribute information to a gateway 170. Gateway apparatus 170 integrates the attribute information and health data received from personalizing terminal 160, personal device 140 or 150 and transmits the data to a server apparatus 310 in a data center 300.

Abstract: To provide a health management system including health data measuring devices shared by a plurality of persons and health data measuring devices used by an individual together, which unites health data measured by each health data measuring device with the user practicing the measurement to allot user ID etc. to the health data as well as to provide a personalizing terminal and a health management data integrating method. A personalizing terminal 160 receives attribute information and health data from common devices 110 to 130 as the health data measuring devices shared by the plurality of persons, gives a user ID to the health data at a user ID allocator 163 and transmits the health data and the aforementioned attribute information to a gateway 170. Gateway apparatus 170 integrates the attribute information and health data received from personalizing terminal 160, personal device 140 or 150 and transmits the data to a server apparatus 310 in a data center 300.

Abstract: Work of defining a ledger slip for an OCR is reduced as much as possible in registering the kind and position of characters and symbols inputted in the slip. Image data is analyzed to detect a cell (frame in which characters and symbols are entered) included in the image data. It is determined whether the cells continue in a constant pattern. If the cells continue, it is determined that the continuous cells area group of cells in which a common attribute is to be registered. The cell group for which a common attribute is to be registered is displayed on a display device distinctively from other cell groups. The operator can perform a modification work on a specific cell group on the display screen, such as elimination and addition of a part of cells. The operator can also specify a cell group and input an attribute to all cells included in that cell group in a bundle.

Abstract: A method for controlling a data display of the present invention, controlling a display of data including at least one attribute, includes: an attribute conversion step of converting at least one attribute of the data into a display attribute by using at least one mapping function; a display step of displaying the data based on the display attribute; and a parameter changing step of changing a parameter of the mapping function.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing an organic phosphonium chloride is performed by bringing an organic phosphonium bromide into contact with a chloride ion in a heterogeneous mixture solution of water and an organic solvent.

Abstract: An information processing apparatus includes: an input device for receiving input information; a display device for displaying information on a display screen; and a database for storing words and information related to the words to allow information related to a related word related to an input word be retrieved.

Abstract: A catalyst composed of an organic phosphorus compound having a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus atom and at least one carbon-phosphorus bonding or a combination of the organic phosphorus compound and a halogen atom-containing compound is effective for decarbonylation, that is, for releasing carbon monoxide from a compound containing a moiety of --CO--CO--O-- in its molecular structure.

Abstract: A process for preparing a diaryl carbonate from a diaryl oxalate in a liquid phase by decarbonylation is conducted by the steps of:1) performing a decarbonylation reaction of a diaryl oxalate in the presence of an organic phosphorus compound catalyst to give a reaction mixture of a diaryl carbonate and the organic phosphorus compound catalyst;2) recovering the diaryl carbonate from the reaction mixture; and3) performing a decarbonylation reaction of a diaryl oxalate in the presence of the reaction mixture from which the diaryl carbonate has been recovered and to which a halogen atom-containing compound is added, to give a reaction mixture of a diaryl carbonate and the organic phosphorus compound catalyst.

Abstract: A diaryl carbonate with a high degree of purity is produced at a high yield by (A) subjecting (a) a diaryl oxalate and a phenol compound or (b) an alkylaryl oxalate to transesterification reaction in one or two stages in the presence of a catalyst to prepare a diaryl oxalate, while removing a by-product from the reaction system; (B) collecting the diaryl oxalate from the resultant reaction product mixture of the step (A); (C) subjecting the diaryl oxalate to a decarbonylation reaction, preferably in the presence of a phosphorous compound-containing catalyst, to convert the diaryl oxalate to a corresponding diaryl carbonate, while removing a reaction by-product comprising carbon monoxide from the reaction system; and (D) collecting the diaryl carbonate from the reaction product mixture of the step (C).

Abstract: An improved process for preparing a diaryl carbonate from a diaryl oxalate in a liquid phase by decarbonylation utilizes a reaction vessel composed of two or more reaction chambers which are connected in series. The process is composed of the steps of continuously introducing the diaryl oxalate and an organic phosphorus compound having a trivalent or pentavalent phosphorus atom and at least one carbon-phosphorus bonding into the first chamber and continuously recovering a reaction mixture mainly containing the diaryl carbonate from the last chamber under the condition that a mixture of the diaryl oxalate and the organic phosphorus compound is heated in the reaction chambers, while discharging carbon monoxide released from the mixture.

Abstract: The data search apparatus includes: a data storage section for holding and storing data about all of the plurality of data items in a state where each of the plurality of data items is represented as a row, on which a plurality of attribute values about the data item are arranged in line, and the rows corresponding to the plurality of data items are sorted in a predetermined order decided by a designated attribute; a display control section for selectively displaying a predetermined number of data items from the plurality of data items in the predetermined order decided by the designated attribute on the display screen of the display device such that the attribute values of each of the displayed data items are arranged in line and that a designated data item row and a designated attribute value column are displayed in a different state from the other data item rows and the other attribute value columns; a designation change section for changing the designated row and the designated attribute value column; and