Abstract: The invention relates to an optical substance manipulator capable of continuing to apply a continued force of action to moving substances without being limited by the flowing conditions for the substances yet with a wide manipulation margin and with efficiency, thereby continuously carrying out various manipulations such as separation, concentration, mixing, and deflection. Specifically, the invention provides an optical substance manipulator capable of manipulating microscopic particles dispersed in a flowing fluid by means of light pressure, characterized by comprising an optical system that forms multiple linear light-collective areas simultaneously with respect to a fluid that flows on a subject surface (5), and further comprising, in optical paths forming the respective linear light-collective areas, means (CL1), (CL2) adapted to adjust directions of the linear light-collective areas on the subject surface and means (M1), (M2) adapted to adjust positions of the linear light-collective areas.

Abstract: The invention relates to an optical substance manipulator capable of continuing to apply a continued force of action to moving substances without being limited by the flowing conditions for the substances yet with a wide manipulation margin and with efficiency, thereby continuously carrying out various manipulations such as separation, concentration, mixing, and deflection. Specifically, the invention provides an optical substance manipulator capable of manipulating microscopic particles dispersed in a flowing fluid by means of light pressure, characterized by comprising an optical system that forms multiple linear light-collective areas simultaneously with respect to a fluid that flows on a subject surface 5, and further comprising, in optical paths forming the respective linear light-collective areas, means CL1, CL2 adapted to adjust directions of the linear light-collective areas on the subject surface and means M1, M2 adapted to adjust positions of the linear light-collective areas.

Abstract: The disclosed method at first eliminates free bonds from a crystal surface of a three-dimensional substrate by terminating severed couplers or dangling bonds on the crystal surface by coupling such atoms to them which atoms are inseparable at temperatures for ensuring heteroepitaxial growth. The crystal surface has a 6-fold or 3-fold symmetry, such as (111) plane of a crystal of cubic symmetry or (0001) plane of a crystal of hexagonal symmetry. Then, a two-dimensional material, which is a layered material having bonds closed on a superthin two-dimensional layer, is formed by evaporation on the above dangling-bond-free crystal surface of the substrate so as to cause heteroepitaxial growth while orienting atoms of the two-dimensional material in direction of crystalline axis of the substrate by van der Vaars' force.