Abstract: A communication terminal may include a processing unit that includes information identifying another communication terminal as path information in data when the data is directly transmitted from its own communication terminal to the other communication terminal, and a transmitting unit that directly transmits the data in which the path information is included by the processing unit to the other communication terminal.

Abstract: A communication terminal may include a processing unit that includes information identifying another communication terminal as path information in data when the data is directly transmitted from its own communication terminal to the other communication terminal, and a transmitting unit that directly transmits the data in which the path information is included by the processing unit to the other communication terminal.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an illumination structure that can illuminate both a neighborhood of an opening and a storage portion with a simple configuration. An illumination structure 1 includes an illumination device 4 provided in an opening 3 of a vehicle 2, and a person can get on and off the vehicle 2 through the opening 3. The illumination device 4 is fixed to a step garnish 5 provided in a lower end portion 3a of the opening 3. A translucent member 18 is provided in a bottom surface of a storage portion 9 formed in a door lining 10. When a door 6 is closed against the opening 3, the storage portion 9 is disposed on the step garnish 5, whereby the illumination structure 1 is retained while the illumination device 4, a first translucent member 18a, and a second translucent member 18b line up in the order from the bottom.

Abstract: There is provided an illuminating device for vehicle which can be protected from penetration of, for example water. An illuminating device 1 for vehicle comprises a light source 7 and a lighting main body 2 that transmits light irradiated from the light source 7 and then emits the light outward. The lighting main body 2 includes a light guide body 5 and a casing 6 formed integrally with the light guide body 5. The casing 6 has a light source installation portion 11 for installing the light source 7 and a cover 4 which covers only the light source installation portion 11. A gap is sealed between the light source installation portion 11 and the cover 4.

Abstract: An aspect of the invention provides an illumination structure that can illuminate both a neighborhood of an opening and a storage portion with a simple configuration. An illumination structure 1 includes an illumination device 4 provided in an opening 3 of a vehicle 2, and a person can get on and off the vehicle 2 through the opening 3. The illumination device 4 is fixed to a step garnish 5 provided in a lower end portion 3a of the opening 3. A translucent member 18 is provided in a bottom surface of a storage portion 9 formed in a door lining 10. When a door 6 is closed against the opening 3, the storage portion 9 is disposed on the step garnish 5, whereby the illumination structure 1 is retained while the illumination device 4, a first translucent member 18a, and a second translucent member 18b line up in the order from the bottom.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus which includes a rotatable photoreceptor member having a photoconductive surface for repeated formation of an electrostatic latent image of an original thereon. A casing is disposed around the photoreceptor member and included a corona charger for uniformly charging the surface. An exposure device is provided for exposing the charged surface to image light of the original through an optical assembly including an illuminating light source so as to form the electrostatic latent image of the original thereon. A system is provided for eliminating harmful gases generated by the corona charger disposed within the copying apparatus.

Abstract: The invention is directed to an arrangement for removal of electrical charge from non-image bearing portions of a photosensitive medium in a photocopying machine, in which radiation of light for removal of electrical charge from portions of the medium which are not required for production of an image, when photocopies at reduced magnification are produced, for example, is made the same as or closely similar to the intensity of light for effecting production of an image, whereby unwanted adhesion of developer material to the medium is avoided, and at the same time, since all portions of the medium are always exposed to generally the same intensity of radiation, characteristics of different portions of the medium are maintained constant even after prolonged use thereof.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for adjusting the exposure of the photoconductive member of an electrostatic copier, which permits fine adjustment of the exposure of the photoconductive member by providing a shade for the partial control of the light path for exposure, thereby effecting an error adjustment of the photoconductive member, the optical system, the projection lamp, etc., separately from the main exposure value control system.

Abstract: A developing device employing developing solution for use in an electrophotographic copying apparatus, which developing device includes a pair of stirring impellers rotatably disposed at the bottom of a developing tank and a plurality of pairs of copy paper feeding and electrode rollers immersed in the developing solution above the impellers, with one of the roller pairs being associated for simultaneous rotation with the impellers for efficient circulation of the developing solution, and for rapid and uniform dispersion of toner particles in the developing solution.

Abstract: A transfer material or copy paper separating device for use in an electrophotographic copying apparatus which includes a driving mechanism for the transfer material, separating claws adapted to pivotally contact or be spaced away from a photoreceptor surface in timed relation to the movement of the copy paper. Each of the separating claws is formed from a flexible elastic film of polyester or the like and has very short fibers, for example, of nylon, on at least front edge portion thereof, contacting the photoreceptor surface for reducing damage to the photoreceptor surface.

Abstract: An electrophotographic copying apparatus which includes a rotatable photoreceptor member having a photoconductive surface for repeated formation of an electrostatic latent image of an original thereon. A casing is disposed around the photoreceptor member and included a corona charger for uniformly charging the surface. An exposure device is provided for exposing the charged surface to image light of the original through an optical assembly including an illuminating light source so as to form the electrostatic latent image of the original thereon. A system is provided for eliminating harmful gases generated by the corona charger disposed within the copying apparatus.