Abstract: A plurality of band-shaped regions on a specimen are successively scanned by an electron beam having a ribbon-shaped rectangular cross-section. This scanning is effected by deflecting the electron beam electrostatically in the direction of the shorter side of the beam cross-section and electromagnetically in the direction of the longer side of the beam cross-section.

Abstract: An analyzing apparatus is controlled by a microcomputer which reads out programmed information from a magnetic card. The magnetic card does not always travel at a constant speed, and therefore, it is difficult for the microcomputer to entirely resort to the software for carrying out the signal processing required for the control of the analyzing apparatus. In order to obviate this difficulty, a hard logic circuit is provided to read out inverted bit information from the magnetic card, and the information thus read out is supplied to the microcomputer so that the microcomputer can reliably carry out the processing steps including bit counting and data reception. The hard logic circuit includes a flip-flop storing an FM signal recorded on the magnetic card and an exclusive-OR gate comparing the flip-flop output with the FM signal. A simple logic circuit is also provided for writing the FM signal on the magnetic card.

Abstract: A wavelength reading apparatus for a monochromator comprises a monochromator utilizing a dispersion element for dispersing light in accordance with its wavelengths, a dispersion element driver unit for rotating the dispersion element to effect the tuning wavelength scanning operation of the monochromator and a wavelength counter for adding or subtracting a pulse, which is produced each time when the tuning wavelength of the monochromator changes by a predetermined wavelength increment, depending on whether the wavelength increases or decreases. The wavelength counter is set to a predetermined counting value, in response to a wavelength calibrating pulse produced when the tuning wavelength of the monochromator reaches a predetermined value, so that any counting value of the wavelength counter correctly represents the instant value of the tuning wavelength of the monochromator.

Abstract: The data processing apparatus according to this invention comprises a microprocessor and a dot printer. The printer is of such a type that the printing paper is stepwise advanced each time a line of characters are printed. The analog signal from the detector of a chromatograph is converted to a corresponding digital signal. A block of data values to be printed on one line, separated from the digital signal corresponding to the waveform pattern varying with time, is stored in a print buffer memory. The stored data values are printed out in dot matrix form. The emptied buffer memory then stores another block of data values to be plotted on the next line. Thereafter, the plotting and storing operations are repeated until a chromatogram is completed. The concentrations of the components corresponding to the peaks of the chromatogram are also calculated by processing the digital signal and the result of the calculation is printed out in the form of characters each composed of plural dots by the same printer.