Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of micro-particles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phos—photidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of micro-particles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phos—photidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe a method of detecting pre-eclampsia in a cell, tissue, organ or organism, the method comprising detecting a modulated level of expression, activity or amount of a pre-eclampsia biomarker polypeptide selected from the group consisting of PlGF, FLT1, BNP, ANP, CD9, PAI-1, TGF ?, PCT, SI 00b, TIMP1, CD 105 and IL6 in or of a microparticle type (selected from a CTB binding microparticle and an Annexin V binding microparticle) from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, as compared to level of expression, activity or amount of the pre-eclampsia biomarker polypeptide in the same microparticle type in a cell, tissue, organ or organism not sufferin from pre-eclampsia.

Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of micro-particles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phosphotidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of micro-particles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phosphotidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of microparticles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phosphotidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe a method of detecting pre-eclampsia in a cell, tissue, organ or organism, the method comprising detecting a modulated level of expression, activity or amount of a pre-eclampsia biomarker polypeptide selected from the group consisting of PlGF, FLT1, BNP, ANP, CD9, PAI-1, TGF ?, PCT, SI 00b, TIMP1, CD 105 and IL6 in or of a microparticle type (selected from a CTB binding microparticle and an Annexin V binding microparticle) from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, as compared to level of expression, activity or amount of the pre-eclampsia biomarker polypeptide in the same microparticle type in a cell, tissue, organ or organism not sufferin from pre-eclampsia.

Abstract: We describe a method of cell culture of an umbilical mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). The method comprises the steps of providing an umbilical mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) and culturing the umbilical mesenchymal stem cell in a cell culture medium under hypoxic conditions. The umbilical mesenchymal stem cell may be transformed with an oncogene such as c-myc. Conditioned media and exosomes obtained from the umbilical mesenchymal stem cell may be used for therapy.

Abstract: We describe a method of monitoring the state of a cell, tissue, organ or organism. The method comprises establishing, for a sample of microparticles from the cell, tissue, organ or organism, a ratio. The ratio is of a selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise GM1 gangliosides, preferably which bind to Cholera Toxin B (CTB) (“GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide”) to the selected polypeptide in microparticles which comprise exposed phosphotidylserine, preferably which bind to Annexin V (“Annexin V microparticle polypeptide”). The GM1 ganglioside microparticle polypeptide to Annexin V microparticle polypeptide ratio so established may be indicative of the state of the cell, tissue, organ or organism.

Abstract: We describe an pre-natal mesenchymal stem cell obtainable from a pre-natal tissue such as a foetal tissue, a descendent of such a mesenchymal stem cell, a cell culture or a cell line comprising either. The pre-natal mesenchymal stem cell, cell culture or cell line may comprise a cell line F1Ib, F2lb, F3lb, F1ki or F3li. We further describe a conditioned medium conditioned by such a pre-natal mesenchymal stem cell, cell culture or cell line. These may comprise cardioprotective activity, and may in particular be used to treat or prevent a range of cardiac disorders of diseases.