Abstract: The example systems, methods, and/or computer-readable media described herein help with design treatment plans for orthodontic treatments. Treatment templates expressed according to treatment domain-specific protocols may be processed to provide treatment planning software, including automated or real-time treatment planning software, that accommodates treatment preferences of a practitioner and/or patient data relevant to a treatment plan. These methods and systems may be also be useful for planning, designing and producing as series of dental appliances (e.g., aligners).

Abstract: A slot antenna comprising a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure, and an antenna feed coupled to the first conductive structure. The first conductive structure is wholly or partially enclosed by the second conductive structure and comprises a conductive surface and a non-conductive pattern. The non-conductive pattern comprises a longitudinal slot and a lateral slot extending at an angle from the longitudinal slot.

Abstract: Liposomes have been used in technologies in biological, pharmaceutical, medical and nutritional applications because they can offer biocompatibility, biodegradability, reduced toxicity, and capacity for size and surface modifications. Traditionally, liposomes are prepared by multiple steps. However, multiple steps of preparation may cause a number of problems including low yield, high polydispersity, and poor morphology. Here, we synthesized liposomes containing magnetic iron oxide nanoparticle using one-pot, single step synthesis under ultra-sonication. We optimized the lipid compositions, sonication power, concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles, and antibody conjugation using Cu-free click chemistry. Furthermore, we incorporated doxorubicin inside magnetic liposomes for combined antibody targeting and magnetic guidance. Fluorescence imaging and quantification confirmed that antibody conjugated magnetic liposome showed high cell specific targeting that was enhanced by magnetic delivery.

Abstract: We disclose a method, comprising administering, to a patient suffering from a cancer, a composition comprising a compound containing a gold atom; and administering, to a portion of the patient's body in which the cancer is present, radiation. We also disclose a kit comprising a composition comprising a compound containing a gold atom; and instructions to perform the method.

Abstract: An antenna arrangement—comprising a differential mode antenna—and a common mode antenna, the antenna arrangement—comprising an antenna structure comprising one radiating element, at least one differential antenna feed configured to induce differential mode currents in the radiating element, and at least one common antenna feed configured to induce common mode currents in the radiating element. The antenna structure is configured to excite a first radiofrequency range and a second radiofrequency range in response to the differential mode currents and the common mode currents. The first antenna element and the second antenna element are configured to excite a third radiofrequency range in response to the differential mode currents or the common mode currents. This arrangement makes it possible to locate two antennas in the same given volume while maintaining a high level of isolation between the antennas.

Abstract: A mobile terminal includes a display, a side frame, a back cover and an antenna. The antenna includes a conductive support and a feeding part. The conductive support includes a first portion and a third portion disposed opposite to each other, and a second portion and a fourth portion disposed opposite to each other. The four portions are made of conductive materials and jointly enclose a cavity. The second portion is disposed on an inner side of the display. The third portion is a part of the side frame. The fourth portion is located on an outer side or an inner side of the back cover, or is a part of the back cover. A gap is disposed between the fourth portion and the first portion, or is disposed in the fourth portion, and the antenna can radiate electromagnetic wave signal through the cavity and the gap.

Abstract: A slot antenna comprising a first conductive structure, a second conductive structure, and an antenna feed coupled to the first conductive structure. The first conductive structure is wholly or partially enclosed by the second conductive structure and comprises a conductive surface and a non-conductive pattern. The non-conductive pattern comprises a longitudinal slot and a lateral slot extending at an angle from the longitudinal slot.

Abstract: A mobile terminal includes a display, a side frame, a back cover and an antenna. The antenna includes a conductive support and a feeding part. The conductive support includes a first portion and a third portion disposed opposite to each other, and a second portion and a fourth portion disposed opposite to each other. The four portions are made of conductive materials and jointly enclose a cavity. The second portion is disposed on an inner side of the display. The third portion is a part of the side frame. The fourth portion is located on an outer side or an inner side of the back cover, or is a part of the back cover. A gap is disposed between the fourth portion and the first portion, or is disposed in the fourth portion, and the antenna can radiate electromagnetic wave signal through the cavity and the gap.

Abstract: Presented herein are methods of using encapsulated J-aggregates of indocyanine green (ICG) as a ratiometric sensor of biological activity. Upon interaction with a biological phenomenon of interest, the encapsulated J-aggregates can be released and dissolved upon rupture, inducing a detectable hypsochromic shift in the absorption spectra and corresponding increase in fluorescence. Various imaging techniques can be employed to visualize this sensor including photoacoustic imaging, two-photon imaging, fluorescence imaging, near infrared imaging, and a variety of other optical or optics-based techniques. Additionally, if the J-aggregates of ICG are also encapsulated with drugs or therapeutic molecules, the ratiometric sensing using ICG can be used to confirm drug release and delivery.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and systems relating to temperature dependent photoacoustic imaging are provided. In such methods and systems, a tissue sample may be exposed to thermal energy and electromagnetic radiation to generate an acoustic signal, which may be detected. The amplitude of the acoustic signal may be determined and correlated with a tissue property, such as the presence or absence of macrophages or foam cells.

Abstract: Methods and systems relating to temperature dependent photoacoustic imaging are provided.

Abstract: Fiber-optic probes are provided comprising an illumination fiber and a plurality of collection beveled fibers. In some embodiments, the fiber-optic probes may further comprise a collection flat-tip fiber. A system comprising a fiber-optic probe operably connected to a spectrometer, wherein the fiber-optic probe comprises an illumination fiber and a plurality of collection beveled fibers is provided. Associated methods are also provided.

Abstract: Imaging techniques. Radiation is directed from a source onto a sample using an endoscope having cellular or subcellular resolution. The endoscope includes one or more fibers. The fibers have a proximate end and a distal end, and the distal end is lensless. A focal plane of the endoscope is substantially at a tip of the distal end. Radiation from the sample is directed onto a detector to diagnose or monitor the sample.

Abstract: Imaging techniques. Radiation is directed from a source onto a sample using an endoscope having cellular or subcellular resolution. The endoscope includes one or more fibers. The fibers have a proximate end and a distal end, and the distal end is lensless. A focal plane of the endoscope is substantially at a tip of the distal end. Radiation from the sample is directed onto a detector to diagnose or monitor the sample.

Abstract: Methods relating to photoacoustic imaging of biological tissue are provided. One such method comprises contacting a biological tissue with a bioconjugate and irradiating the bioconjugate so as to generate an acoustic wave, wherein the bioconjugate comprises a nanoparticle and a moiety capable of selectively coupling a molecular marker. Suitable moieties include, among other things, epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR).

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for detecting a condition of a sample (including cervical cancers and pre-cancers) through reflectance and/or fluorescence imaging. A sample is obtained. One or more metallic nanoparticles and/or one or more quantum dots are obtained. The one or more metallic nanoparticles and/or one or more quantum dots are coupled to one or more biomarkers of the sample that are associated with the condition. A reflectance and/or fluorescence image of the sample is then taken. The image(s) exhibit characteristic optical scattering from the one or more metallic nanoparticles and/or characteristic fluorescence excitation from the one or more quantum dots to signal the presence of the one or more biomarkers. In this way, the condition can be readily screened or diagnosed.

Abstract: Imaging techniques. Radiation is directed from a source onto a sample using an endoscope having cellular or subcellular resolution. The endoscope includes one or more fibers. The fibers have a proximate end and a distal end, and the distal end is lensless. A focal plane of the endoscope is substantially at a tip of the distal end. Radiation from the sample is directed onto a detector to diagnose or monitor the sample.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for detecting a condition of a sample (including cervical cancers and pre-cancers) through reflectance and/or fluorescence imaging. A sample is obtained. One or more metallic nanoparticles and/or one or more quantum dots are obtained. The one or more metallic nanoparticles and/or one or more quantum dots are coupled to one or more biomarkers of the sample that are associated with the condition. A reflectance and/or fluorescence image of the sample is then taken. The image(s) exhibit characteristic optical scattering from the one or more metallic nanoparticles and/or characteristic fluorescence excitation from the one or more quantum dots to signal the presence of the one or more biomarkers. In this way, the condition can be readily screened or diagnosed.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assessing the size of a scattering element of a sample. Primary radiation is generated from a source. The primary radiation is polarized to produce polarized primary radiation. The polarized primary radiation is directed to the sample to generate reflected radiation. The reflected radiation is directed through a polarizer to produce filtered reflected radiation, the polarizer being configured to select reflected radiation parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of the polarized primary radiation. The filtered radiation is detected, and a depolarization ratio is calculated using the detected filtered radiation. The size of the scattering element is calculated using the depolarization ratio.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for assessing the size of a scattering element of a sample. Primary radiation is generated from a source. The primary radiation is polarized to produce polarized primary radiation. The polarized primary radiation is directed to the sample to generate reflected radiation. The reflected radiation is directed through a polarizer to produce filtered reflected radiation, the polarizer being configured to select reflected radiation parallel and perpendicular to the polarization of the polarized primary radiation. The filtered radiation is detected, and a depolarization ratio is calculated using the detected filtered radiation. The size of the scattering element is calculated using the depolarization ratio.