Abstract: In a step-up step-down converter device, a diode is connected in parallel to a switch connecting a positive pole side and a negative pole side for stepping up and stepping down an input voltage, a diode is connected in parallel to a switch in a positive pole side of a closed circuit constructed between an input direct voltage and an output side load, and a control circuit detecting an output voltage generates 1st Phase PWM and 2nd Phase PWM obtained by logically adding and multiplying tow difference values having phase difference in comparison with a triangle waveform signal which is 180 degrees different in phase from an error signal based on a difference value between the output voltage and a target reference voltage, and alternately turns on and off switches respectively by using 1st Phase PWM or 2nd Phase PWM at the step-down or step-down operation time.

Abstract: To eliminate the problem that a magnetic deflection is caused in a transformer even when a coupled inductor converter is in a stationary operation state, provided is a DC-DC converter including a first series circuit portion formed by a first switching transistor, a first capacitor, a first inductor, and a second capacitor which are connected to a DC power in series in this order, and a second series circuit portion formed by a second switching transistor and a second inductor which are connected in series in this order, the second series circuit portion is connected in parallel to the first capacitor and the first inductor, and the first inductor and the second inductor constitute a coupled inductor having a plurality of windings and a common magnetic core.

Abstract: There is provided a porous hollow fiber of vinylidene fluoride resin which has a water permeation rate that is large per fiber and little dependent on the length, has a large treatment capacity per volume of a filtering module, and is therefore suitable as a microfilter element. That is, a porous hollow fiber, comprising a vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 3×105, having a water permeation rate F (m3/m2·day) measured at a pressure difference of 100 kPa and at a water temperature of 25° C. in a range of test length L=0.2-0.8 (m) and expressed in a linear relationship with the test length L of: F=C·L+F0 (formula 1) and satisfying requirements (a)-(d) shown below: (a) a average slope C (/day) of: ?20?C?0, (b) an intercept (basic permeability) F0 (m3/m2·day) of: F0?30, (c) a relation between F0 (m3/m2·day) and an average pore diameter P (?m) according to half-dry method of F0/P?300, and (d) an outer diameter of at most 3 mm.

Abstract: A hollow-fiber porous membrane comprising a hollow fiber-form porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin and having an average pore size Pm of 0.05-0.20 ?m, a maximum pore size Pmax giving a ratio Pmax/Pm of at most 2.0 between the maximum pore size Pmax and the average pore size Pm and a standard deviation of pore size distribution of at most 0.20 ?m based on a pore size distribution according to the half dry/bubble point method (ASTM•F316 and ASTM•E1294) is provided, as a hollow-fiber porous membrane of vinylidene fluoride resin having minute pores with a size (average pore diameter) and a further uniform pore size distribution suitable for water (filtration) treatment.

Abstract: There is provided a porous hollow fiber of vinylidene fluoride resin which has a water permeation rate that is large per fiber and little dependent on the length, has a large treatment capacity per volume of a filtering module, and is therefore suitable as a microfilter element. That is, a porous hollow fiber, comprising a vinylidene fluoride resin having a weight-average molecular weight of at least 3×105, having a water permeation rate F (m3/m2·day) measured at a pressure difference of 100 kPa and at a water temperature of 25° C. in a range of test length L=0.2-0.8(m) and expressed in a linear relationship with the test length L of: F=C·L+F0 (formula 1) and satisfying requirements (a)-(d) shown below: (a) a average slope C (/day) of: ?20?C?0, (b) an intercept (basic permeability) F0 (m3/m2·day) of: F0?30, (c) a relation between F0 (m3/m2·day) and an average pore diameter P (?m) according to half-dry method of F0/P?300, and (d) an outer diameter of at most 3 mm.

Abstract: A hybrid gas-insulated switchgear constitutes an electrical circuit for a single-line diagram unit by arranging one first standardized module and two second standardized modules in a single row such that the central axes of tanks are generally aligned and electrically connecting them to each other. In the standardized modules, a circuit breaker and disconnecting switches are housed inside the tanks such that the disconnecting switches are positioned at first and second ends of the circuit breaker so as to line up generally in a straight line, and grounding switches are connected between the circuit breaker and the disconnecting switches.

Abstract: A hybrid gas-insulated switchgear constitutes an electrical circuit for a single-line diagram unit by arranging one first standardized module and two second standardized modules in a single row such that the central axes of tanks are generally aligned and electrically connecting them to each other. In the standardized modules, a circuit breaker and disconnecting switches are housed inside the tanks such that the disconnecting switches are positioned at first and second ends of the circuit breaker so as to line up generally in a straight line, and grounding switches are connected between the circuit breaker and the disconnecting switches.