Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on an upper side of the anode, a first functional layer disposed over the organic light emitting layer and including NaF, a second functional layer disposed over the first functional layer and including an organic material containing Yb, and a cathode disposed on an upper side of the second functional layer. A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element, includes forming an anode, forming an organic light emitting layer on an upper side of the anode, forming a first functional layer including NaF over the organic light emitting layer, forming a second functional layer including an organic material containing Yb over the first functional layer, and forming a cathode on an upper side of the second functional layer.

Abstract: A self-luminous element includes: a pixel electrode; a light-emitting layer that is disposed above the pixel electrode and includes a light-emitting material; a first functional layer that is disposed on the light-emitting layer and includes a metal fluoride; a second functional layer that is disposed on the first functional layer and includes a first organic material having at least one of electron transport properties and electron injection properties; and a counter electrode that is disposed above the second functional layer. The second functional layer does not include at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals that reduce the metal fluoride.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes, in order, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a buffer layer, a metal thin film, an organic electron transport layer, and a second electrode. The buffer layer includes an electrically-conductive organic material. The metal thin film includes a metal or a metal alloy. The organic electron transport layer is doped with a metal. The metal in the metal thin film is the same as the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer. The metal alloy in the metal thin film includes a metal that is the same as the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on an upper side of the anode, a first functional layer disposed over the organic light emitting layer and including NaF, a second functional layer disposed over the first functional layer and including an organic material containing Yb, and a cathode disposed on an upper side of the second functional layer. A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element, includes forming an anode, forming an organic light emitting layer on an upper side of the anode, forming a first functional layer including NaF over the organic light emitting layer, forming a second functional layer including an organic material containing Yb over the first functional layer, and forming a cathode on an upper side of the second functional layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) element including an anode, a first functional layer disposed on or above the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed on or above the first functional layer, a second functional layer disposed on or above the light-emitting layer, and a cathode disposed on or above the second functional layer. The first functional layer has at least one of a property of facilitating hole injection and a property of facilitating hole transportation. The light-emitting layer includes an organic light-emitting material doped with an electron donating material. The second functional layer includes a rare earth metal.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on an upper side of the anode, a functional layer which is disposed over the organic light emitting layer, in which a rare earth metal and other material are present mixedly, and in which part of the rare earth metal is oxidized, and a cathode disposed on an upper side of the functional layer. A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element includes forming an anode, forming an organic light emitting layer on an upper side of the anode, forming over the organic light emitting layer a functional layer in which a rare earth metal and other material are present mixedly and part of the rare earth metal is oxidized, and forming a cathode on an upper side of the functional layer.

Abstract: A self-luminous element includes: a pixel electrode; a light-emitting layer that is disposed above the pixel electrode and includes a light-emitting material; a first functional layer that is disposed on the light-emitting layer and includes a metal fluoride; a second functional layer that is disposed on the first functional layer and includes a first organic material having at least one of electron transport properties and electron injection properties; and a counter electrode that is disposed above the second functional layer. The second functional layer does not include at least one metallic element selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and rare earth metals that reduce the metal fluoride.

Abstract: A display panel includes: a substrate; anodes that are two-dimensionally disposed on or above the substrate; light-emitting layers that are disposed on or above the anodes in correspondence with the respective anodes; an intermediate layer that is disposed on or above the light-emitting layers and includes a fluoride of a first metal selected from alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; a functional layer that is disposed on the intermediate layer and includes a second metal selected from alkaline earth metals or rare earth metals; a cathode that is disposed on or above the functional layer; a blocking layer that is disposed on or above the cathode and includes a fluoride of a third metal selected from alkali metals or alkaline earth metals; and a sealing layer that is disposed on or above the blocking layer.

Abstract: A display panel in which pixels each include light-emitting parts are two-dimensionally arranged across a main surface of a substrate. The light-emitting parts each include: a first electrode that is light-reflective; a first functional layer disposed above the first electrode; a light-emitting layer disposed above the first functional layer; a second functional layer disposed above the light-emitting layer and including ytterbium; and a second electrode disposed above the second functional layer and being light-transmissive. At least one of the light-emitting layer and the first functional layer is an applied film. With respect to each pixel, at least one of the light-emitting parts differs from any other of the light-emitting parts in terms of light emission color, and the at least one light-emitting part differs from the any other of the light-emitting parts in terms of film thickness of at least one of the light-emitting layer and the first functional layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent panel includes a plurality of partition walls, an organic light-emitting layer, and a protective layer. The plurality of partition walls define a pixel region, and include an organic material. The organic light-emitting layer crosses over the plurality of partition walls. The protective layer is disposed between each of the partition walls and the organic light-emitting layer, and has a moisture permeability lower than a moisture permeability of any of the partition walls.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element according to one embodiment of the disclosure includes, in order, an anode, an organic light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an intermediate layer, and a cathode. The electron transport layer includes a sodium fluoride layer. The intermediate layer includes an ytterbium layer. The ytterbium layer is in contact with the sodium fluoride layer on side of the cathode.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, an electron transport layer disposed in contact with a cathode-side surface of the light-emitting layer, and an electron injection layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the cathode, in contact with the electron transport layer. A difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the light-emitting layer and the LUMO level of the electron transport layer is at least 0.5 eV. The film thickness of the electron injection layer is greater than the film thickness of the electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on an upper side of the anode, a functional layer which is disposed over the organic light emitting layer, in which a rare earth metal and other material are present mixedly, and in which part of the rare earth metal is oxidized, and a cathode disposed on an upper side of the functional layer. A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element includes forming an anode, forming an organic light emitting layer on an upper side of the anode, forming over the organic light emitting layer a functional layer in which a rare earth metal and other material are present mixedly and part of the rare earth metal is oxidized, and forming a cathode on an upper side of the functional layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence element includes an anode, an organic light emitting layer disposed on an upper side of the anode, a first functional layer disposed over the organic light emitting layer and including NaF, a second functional layer disposed over the first functional layer and including an organic material containing Yb, and a cathode disposed on an upper side of the second functional layer. A method of manufacturing an organic electroluminescence element, includes forming an anode, forming an organic light emitting layer on an upper side of the anode, forming a first functional layer including NaF over the organic light emitting layer, forming a second functional layer including an organic material containing Yb over the first functional layer, and forming a cathode on an upper side of the second functional layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes an organic electroluminescent part and a pair of partition walls. The organic electroluminescent part includes an organic material layer, a resonator, and a film-thickness adjustment layer. The film-thickness adjustment layer has a thickness that is adjusted to allow a difference between a height of a pinning position and a height of a middle position of an upper surface of the organic material layer to fall within a predetermined range. The pinning position is a position at which the upper surface of the organic material layer and each of the partition walls are in contact with each other.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element includes, in order, a first electrode, an organic light-emitting layer, a metal thin film including a metal or a metal alloy, an organic electron transport layer doped with a metal, and a second electrode. The metal in the metal thin film is identical to the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer. The metal alloy in the metal thin film includes a metal identical to the metal doped in the organic electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent element according to one embodiment of the disclosure includes a first reflective layer, a second reflective layer, an organic light-emitting layer, a silver electrode layer, and an ytterbium electron injection layer. The organic light-emitting layer is provided between the first reflective layer and the second reflective layer, and emits monochromatic light. The silver electrode layer is provided between the organic light-emitting layer and the second reflective layer. The ytterbium electron injection layer is in contact with the silver electrode layer on side of the organic light-emitting layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) element including an anode, a light-emitting layer above the anode, a first functional layer on and in contact with the light-emitting layer, a second functional layer on and in contact with the first functional layer, and a cathode above the second functional layer. A lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the first functional layer is lower than at least one of a LUMO level of the second functional layer and a Fermi level of a metal material included in the second functional layer.

Abstract: An organic EL element includes an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer disposed between the anode and the cathode, an electron transport layer disposed in contact with a cathode-side surface of the light-emitting layer, and an electron injection layer disposed between the electron transport layer and the cathode, in contact with the electron transport layer. A difference between the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of the light-emitting layer and the LUMO level of the electron transport layer is at least 0.5 eV. The film thickness of the electron injection layer is greater than the film thickness of the electron transport layer.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescence (EL) element including an anode, a cathode opposing the anode, a light-emitting layer between the anode and the cathode, a hole transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer, between the light-emitting layer and the anode, and an electron transport layer in contact with the light-emitting layer, between the light-emitting layer and the cathode. A difference between a lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level of an organic material included in the light-emitting layer and a LUMO level of an organic material included in the electron transport layer is greater than a difference between a highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of an organic material included in the hole transport layer and a HOMO level of the organic material included in the light-emitting layer.