Abstract: A semiconductor optical element of the present disclosure includes: a ridge structure provided on a first-conductivity-type semiconductor substrate and including a first-conductivity-type cladding layer and an active layer; a buried structure provided on both side surfaces of the ridge structure; a second-conductivity-type cladding layer and a second-conductivity-type contact layer provided on a surface of the buried structure; a second-conductivity-type ridge upper cladding layer provided above the ridge structure; a recess having a bottom surface formed of an upper surface of the second-conductivity-type ridge upper cladding layer and side surfaces formed of the second-conductivity-type cladding layer and the second-conductivity-type contact layer; a mesa structure having both side surfaces formed by a mesa extending from the second-conductivity-type contact layer to the first-conductivity-type semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A medication management system, method, and related medicine packaging device and packaged medicine are provided. The exemplary system includes a medication device including a memory unit that stores ID information and an ID transmission unit that transmits the ID information stored in the memory unit. A processing device that has correspondence information in which the ID information is associated with prescription information of a plurality of medicines to be taken together with one medication device and personal information about a patient who takes the plurality of medicines. A detector detects the ID information transmitted from the ID transmission unit and transmits the ID information that has been detected to the processing device, which manages medication based on the ID information that has been received and the correspondence information.

Abstract: It is intended to obtain DNA ligase improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA, particularly thermostable DNA ligase improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA. The present invention provides a DNA ligase mutant improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA, which is obtained by partially or completely deleting a C-terminal helix portion of DNA ligase. Particularly, the mutant is derived from a thermostable bacterium.

Abstract: It is intended to obtain DNA ligase improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA, particularly thermostable DNA ligase improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA. The present invention provides a DNA ligase mutant improved in binding ability and reactivity with DNA, which is obtained by partially or completely deleting a C-terminal helix portion of DNA ligase. Particularly, the mutant is derived from a thermostable bacterium.