Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a metal-filled microstructure, capable of easily filling micropores with metal and suppressing the generation of residual stress caused by metal filling.

Abstract: The invention provides a multi-layered board and a semiconductor package including the multi-layered board with improved heat dissipation performance of the semiconductor package. A multi-layered board includes an anisotropically-conductive member that includes an insulating base which is an anodized film of an aluminum substrate and in which through-holes are formed in a thickness direction and a plurality of conduction passages which are formed of a conductive material filled in the through-holes and which extend through the insulating base in the thickness direction with the conduction passages insulated from each other, a heat conducting layer that includes heat conducting portions and is disposed on at least one surface of the anisotropically-conductive member, and heat dissipating portions formed of the conductive material and protruding from the insulating base.

Abstract: An anisotropically conductive member includes an insulating base having through micropores and conductive paths formed by filling the through micropores with a conductive material, insulated from one another, and extending through the insulating base in its thickness direction, one end of each of the conductive paths exposed on one side of the insulating base, the other end of each of the conductive paths exposed on the other side thereof. The insulating base is an anodized film obtained from an aluminum substrate and the aluminum substrate contains intermetallic compounds with an average circle equivalent diameter of up to 2 ?m at a density of up to 100 pcs/mm2. The anisotropically conductive member dramatically increases the density of disposed conductive paths and suppresses the formation of regions having no conductive paths, and can be used as an electrically connecting member or inspection connector for electronic components.

Abstract: A microstructure enabling provision of an anisotropic conductive member capable of reducing wiring defects and a method of producing such microstructure. The microstructure includes through-holes formed in an insulating matrix and filled with a metal and an insulating substance. The through-holes have a density of 1×106 to 1×1010 holes/mm2, a mean opening diameter of 10 nm to 5000 nm, and a mean depth of 10 ?m to 1000 ?m. The sealing ratio of the through-holes as attained by the metal alone is 80% or more, and the sealing ratio of the through-holes as attained by the metal and the insulating substance is 99% or more. The insulating substance is at least one kind selected from the group consisting of aluminum hydroxide, silicon dioxide, metal alkoxide, lithium chloride, titanium oxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum oxide, niobium oxide, and zirconium oxide.

Abstract: A refining method and apparatus for decarburization refining of chromium containing molten steel in a vessel having a first step of blowing oxygen while the inside of the vessel is at a pressure of between 400 Torr and atmospheric pressure, a second step of blowing oxygen while evacuation the inside of the vessel to 250 to 400 Torr and a third step of blowing gas while evacuating the vessel to not more than 250 Torr. Further, a refining method and apparatus for ultra-low carbon chrome melt by performing a first vacuum refining until the third step, then restoring the pressure in the vessel to at least 400 Torr, then performing second vacuum refining while making the bottom blowing gas blow rate at least 0.4 Nm3 per to steel.

Abstract: A refining method and refining apparatus, able to shorten the time required for refining and reduce the refining costs in decarburization refining of a chromium-contained molten steel, which refining method for chromium-contained molten steel etc. performing decarburization refining by blowing a gas containing oxygen gas into a chromium-contained molten steel under a vacuum or atmospheric pressure and vacuum, said refining method for a chromium-contained molten steel etc. characterized by having a first step for blowing oxygen gas while making the inside of the vessel a pressure of a range of 400 Torr (53 kPa) to atmospheric pressure, a second step for blowing oxygen gas while evacuating the inside of the vessel to 250 to 400 Torr (33 to 53 kPa), and third step for blowing gas while evacuating the inside of the vessel to not more than 250 Torr (33 kPa).

Abstract: The invention provides a cooling system for protecting an image fiber and an imaging device from thermal influences and a temperature measurement apparatus, for a molten metal, capable of being easily controlled and stably measuring the temperature. The temperature measurement apparatus for a molten metal comprises four connectable portions of a nozzle portion a purge/cooling gas introduction portion, an image fiber fitting portion with a window glass and an image fiber to a double pipe nozzle protection tube. A distance from a nozzle distal end as an introduction portion of thermal radiation light to a light reception portion at an image fiber distal end becomes short so that a greater amount of thermal radiation light can be received.

Abstract: A refining method and refining apparatus, able to shorten the time required for refining and reduce the refining costs in decarburization refining of a chromium-contained molten steel, which refining method for chromium-contained molten steel etc. performing decarburization refining by blowing a gas containing oxygen gas into a chromium-contained molten steel under a vacuum or atmospheric pressure and vacuum, said refining method for a chromium-contained molten steel etc. characterized by having a first step for blowing oxygen gas while making the inside of the vessel a pressure of a range of 400 Torr (53 kPa) to atmospheric pressure, a second step for blowing oxygen gas while evacuating the inside of the vessel to 250 to 400 Torr (33 to 53 kPa), and third step for blowing gas while evacuating the inside of the vessel to not more than 250 Torr (33 kPa).

Abstract: The invention provides a cooling system for protecting an image fiber and an imaging device from thermal influences and a temperature measurement apparatus, for a molten metal, capable of being easily controlled and stably measuring the temperature. The temperature measurement apparatus for a molten metal comprises four connectable portions of a nozzle portion a purge/cooling gas introduction portion, an image fiber fitting portion with a window glass and an image fiber to a double pipe nozzle protection tube. A distance from a nozzle distal end as an introduction portion of thermal radiation light to a light reception portion at an image fiber distal end becomes short so that a greater amount of thermal radiation light can be received.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for calcining powdered material for cement manufacture by making good use of the sensible heat and fluidity of preheated material in the burning process and utilizing the material as a catalyst for diffusing and vaporizing fuel, thereby producing reducing gases, and then bringing the reducing gases into contact with the combustion gases from a kiln for stepwise combustion so that the cement material is decarbonated and the nitrogen oxide contents of the exhaust gases from the kiln are decreased.