Abstract: An ultraviolet curing pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet prepared by forming an ultraviolet curing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer on at least one surface of a substrate film and adhering a separator to the surface of the ultraviolet curing pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, wherein the separator has an ultraviolet transmittance at a wavelength of 300 to 400 nm of 65% or lower. The separator is obtained by forming a layer containing an ultraviolet absorber on the surface of the substrate film opposite the surface adhering to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer or incorporating an ultraviolet absorber in the film. The ultraviolet curing pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet is useful as a semiconductor-protective pressure-sensitive adhesive sheet and a semiconductor wafer-fixing sheet, which can be used without causing a curing reaction with the exposure of a slight amount of ultraviolet rays from a surrounding environment at the standby for adhering wafers.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus has an auxiliary charging device provided near a transfer device side of the charging device for charging an image forming apparatus including an image bearing member bearing an electrostatic image thereon. The charging device charges the image bearing member. The charging device constitutes electrically conductive magnetic particles in contact with the image bearing member to thereby effect charging. The image forming device forms an electrostatic image on the image bearing device charged by the charging device. A developing device develops the electrostatic image on the image bearing member using a toner. A transfer device transfers the toner image on the image bearing member to a transfer material. An auxiliary charging device provided near the transfer means side of the charging device charges the residual toner after transfer to a polarity opposite to a charging polarity of the charging device, wherein the magnetic particles temporarily collect the residual toner.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing a toner image and a transfer device for transferring the toner image from the image bearing member onto a transfer material. A charging member contacts a surface of the image bearing member from which residual toner is not removed to electrically charge the image bearing member. The charging member is capable of temporarily collecting the residual toner. A cleaning device applies, to the charging member, a cleaning voltage for returning the toner to the image bearing member. An image forming device forms an electrostatic image on the image bearing member having been charged by the charging device. A developing device develops the electrostatic image on the image bearing member and collects the toner from the image bearing member. A controller controls the cleaning device to vary a cleaning condition of the charging member.

Abstract: A charging apparatus includes a magnetic brush charging member for being supplied with a voltage to electrically charge a member to be charged, said charging member including a magnetic particle layer contactable to the member to be charged and a carrying member for carrying the magnetic particle layers, wherein said magnetic particle layer is moved along a peripheral surface of said carrying member; and stirring means, contactable to said magnetic particle layer carried by said carrying member, for stirring said magnetic particle layer in a longitudinal direction of said carrying member.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an image forming method in which charges are injected into an image bearing member having a charge injecting layer on a surface thereof to thereby charge it to a predetermined polarity and charges of an opposite polarity to the predetermined polarity are imparted to the image bearing member before image formation.

Abstract: A charging device includes a charging member for being supplied with a voltage to electrically charge a rotatable member to be charged, the charging member including a magnetic particle layer contactable to the member to be charged, and a carrying member for carrying the magnetic particle layer; wherein the member to be charged starts to rotate after start of application of the voltage and after the start of rotation of the carrying member.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member; a charging member, contactable to said image bearing member, for being supplied with a voltage to charge said image bearing member; a developing device for forming a toner image by developing with toner an electrostatic image formed on said image bearing member, and also being capable of cleaning said image bearing member to remove residual toner; and a transferring device for transferring the toner image onto a transfer material. When the apparatus stops during an image forming operation as during a jam, the voltage applied to said charging member is a superimposed voltage of an AC voltage and DC voltage and is a DC voltage without the AC voltage thereafter between resumption after jamming and the start of image formation.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member for bearing an image. A charging device is supplied with a voltage. The charging device includes a magnetic brush contactable to the image bearing member to electrically charge the image bearing member. A developing device develops, at a developing position, an electrostatic image formed on the image bearing member using a charging operation of the charging device, with toner having the same polarity as a charging polarity of the charging device, into a toner image. The developing device is capable of removing residual toner from the image bearing member. The developing device stops its developing operation if an area of the image bearing member, which has been charged by the charging device when the charging device is being supplied with an oscillating voltage in the form of superimposed AC and DC voltages, is still at the developing position.

Abstract: An image forming apparatus includes an image bearing member and a charging unit having magnetic particles that are contactable with the image bearing member. An electrostatic image forming unit forms an electrostatic image on the charged image bearing member. A developing device develops an electrostatic image on the image bearing member with toner that includes toner and magnetic carrier. A detecting unit detects the toner content of the developer and a toner supply unit supplies the toner into the developing unit when the detected toner content is lower than a predetermined level. A calculating unit calculates the changing rate of the toner content from an output of the detecting unit and a warning unit warns that a changing rate of the toner content is larger than a predetermined level.

Abstract: To provide a refrigerator capable of uniforming the temperature in the refrigerator by rapidly lowering the temperature at the door side of the refrigerator when the temperature rises by opening and closing a refrigerator door. Therefore, a cold air channel 18 is provided for the side of a refrigerator 6 separately from a cold air channel 11 at the back of the refrigerator 6 to control the amount of cold air supplied from side cold-air blowoff ports 23 by a side temperature sensor 20 and a side temperature damper 19.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is made up of a substrate having a top surface, and a fin type capacitor having a first electrode including a first part which extends upwards from the substrate and a second part which extends approximately parallel to the top surface of the substrate from the first part. The second part is made up of at least one conductor layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor device is made up of a substrate having a top surface, and a fin type capacitor having a first electrode including a first part which extends upwards from the substrate and a second part which extends approximately parallel to the top surface of the substrate from the first part. The second part is made up of at least one conductor layer.

Abstract: In an image processing apparatus, images on an original document captured by an image capturing device are classified into a binary image and a gradation image, and the densities of the images are then converted using density conversion curves, which are provided for binary images and gradation images, to output an image signal representing converted images. The state of a certain pixel is judged and is classified as one of a plurality of states between binary images and gradation images. Based on the results of the judgment, one curve is selected from a first density conversion curve for binary images, a second density conversion curve for gradation images and at least one third density conversion curve which interpolates the first and second density conversion curves. The density of the certain pixel is converted using the selected curve.

Abstract: A massage apparatus having a movable massaging assembly is disclosed herein. The apparatus comprises a front open boxlike base member molded from plastic to have a closed bottom and side walls extending forwardly from the lateral sides thereof. A front cover closing the front opening of the base member is cooperative therewith to define a space for receiving therein the massaging assembly. The plastic base member is provided at its lateral sides with racks each of which extends longitudinally of the base member to be in meshing engagement with each one of the pinions provided on the massaging assembly, such that the assembly is guided along the racks to move in the longitudinal direction of the base member by applying a massaging force through the front cover to the back of a user resting on the front cover.

Abstract: A plurality of coin detecting switches are provided in the coin passages in a coin sorting machine so that jammed coins are located according to the following principle; when one coin detecting switch detects coins, and the succeeding coin detecting switch detects no coins, it is determined that coins are jammed therebetween.