Abstract: A substrate (580) made by a thin magnesium plate having a thickness of at most 60 ?m and bent in a predetermined shape is subjected to anodic oxidation using an alkali-mixture aqueous solution containing metallic salt with a pH 12 or more so that porous anodic oxide coatings (571) are formed on the surfaces thereof. A first treated substrate (581) having the anodic oxide coatings (571) is immersed in a bath of a dye (571B), which fills the pores (571A) of the anodic oxide coatings (571) and dyes the substrate, providing a second treated substrate (582). The second treated substrate (582) is subjected to electrodeposition using electrodeposition paint made mainly of acrylic resin, forming electrodeposition coatings (572) on the anodic oxide coatings (571). A magnesium diaphragm is thereby produced, which is thin and has sufficient sensitivity and desired characteristics. The diaphragm thus dyed has metallic gloss and hence acquires a high decorative value.

Abstract: A substrate (580) made by a thin magnesium plate having a thickness of at most 60 ?m and bent in a predetermined shape is subjected to anodic oxidation using an alkali-mixture aqueous solution containing metallic salt with a pH 12 or more so that porous anodic oxide coatings (571) are formed on the surfaces thereof. A first treated substrate (581) having the anodic oxide coatings (571) is immersed in a bath of a dye (571B), which fills the pores (571A) of the anodic oxide coatings (571) and dyes the substrate, providing a second treated substrate (582). The second treated substrate (582) is subjected to electrodeposition using electrodeposition paint made mainly of acrylic resin, forming electrodeposition coatings (572) on the anodic oxide coatings (571). A magnesium diaphragm is thereby produced, which is thin and has sufficient sensitivity and desired characteristics. The diaphragm thus dyed has metallic gloss and hence acquires a high decorative value.

Abstract: A clamp unit which brings respective vertical and horizontal cores and bias magnets of a magnetic current modulator into close contact with each other in the core arrangement direction is provided to a resin casing of the magnetic current modulator. Due to such a constitution, the generation of an uncomfortable sound derived from a magnetic distortion of cores of the magnetic current modulator incorporated in a deflection unit can be prevented.

Abstract: A clamp unit which brings respective vertical and horizontal cores and bias magnets of a magnetic current modulator into close contact with each other in the core arrangement direction is provided to a resin casing of the magnetic current modulator. Due to such a constitution, the generation of an uncomfortable sound derived from a magnetic distortion of cores of the magnetic current modulator incorporated in a deflection unit can be prevented.

Abstract: In an equalizer including a plurality of delay elements, a plurality of weighting elements and an adder, the impulse response of a signal transmission channel is estimated to selectively switch over a plurality of selector switches associated with the inputs and outputs of the respective delay elements, thereby selectively changing the combination of the delay elements and the weighting elements transmitting an input signal from the channel to the adder and also changing the combination of the adder and a delay element feeding back the output of the discriminator to the adder. Thus, the number of required taps of the equalizer can be reduced, so that the power consumption and size of the equalizer can be reduced.

Abstract: An apparatus and a method utilized in the field of time division multiplex digital communications or the like for detecting the place of burst signals. A transmitter transmits a carrier wave modulated by message data signals having a reference signal inserted between them, and a receiver receives the transmitted modulated carrier wave. In the receiver, the received modulated carrier wave is demodulated by both a sine wave and a cosine wave each having an angular frequency deviation .DELTA..omega. relative to the received carrier waved, the phase difference between the demodulated message data signals and the modulated reference signal is detected, the time-based change of the detected phase difference is approximated by a function of low order, the error between the phase of the received reference signal and that computed on the basis of the approximation function is computed, and a burst place detection signal is generated when the computed error is smaller than a predetermined threshold value.

Abstract: In a mobile wireless apparatus, electric power consumed during standing-by operation is saved by using intermittent reception or the like because electric power is consumed even during standing-by operation. It is therefore an object of the present invention to more greatly reduce electric power consumed during intermittent reception. The mobile wireless apparatus according to the present invention operates to prolong the period of intermittent reception when the electric field intensity detected during intermittent reception is weak to thereby avoid wasteful battery consumption caused by the continuation of the receiving operation when the mobile wireless apparatus is out of its service area.

Abstract: A first digital signal of a serial form is processed into a second digital signal of a serial form. The second digital signal represents an absolute value of a value represented by the first digital signal. A third digital signal of a serial form is processed into a fourth digital signal of a serial form. The fourth digital signal represents an absolute value of a value represented by the third digital signal. The values represented by the first and third digital signals are compared to generate a comparison-result digital signal representing a result of the comparison. A calculation-result digital signal of a serial form is generated in response to the second digital signal, the fourth digital signal, and the comparison-result digital signal. The calculation-result digital signal represents a value which is approximate to a square root of a sum of a square of the value represented by the first digital signal and a square of the value represented by the third digital signal.

Abstract: In an equalizer including a plurality of delay elements, a plurality of weighting elements and an adder, the impulse response of a signal transmission channel is estimated to selectively switch over a plurality of selector switches associated with the inputs and outputs of the respective delay elements, thereby selectively changing the combination of the delay elements and the weighting elements transmitting an input signal from the channel to the adder and also changing the combination of the adder and a delay element feeding back the output of the discriminator to the adder. Thus, the number of required taps of the equalizer can be reduced, so that the power consumption and size of the equalizer can be reduced.

Abstract: A data transmission apparatus with an improved error-rate characteristic after soft decision decoding by improving a decoder input such that, according to an embodiment, digital data such as voice data transmitted after being applied with coding and modulation are received, and are demodulated by a demodulator as a working mode thereof. A square mean value of errors is obtained by an error calculator on a demodulator output, and(1-e.sup.-2x/.sigma..spsp.2)/(1+e.sup.-2x/.sigma..spsp.2)is computed by a likelihood calculator and adopted as a decoder input.

Abstract: A data decoding device eliminates the need for encoding by a decoder for estimating an error rate and can estimate the error rate at a high precision even if an error is included. A square error sum is calculated by an error calculator based on an output of an equalizer. A estimated error rate is determined based on the error sum, a likelihood is determined based on the estimated error rate, and soft discrimination decoding is made based on the likelihood and the output of the equalizer.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a large compensation effect can be obtained in a small operation volume regardless of which one of a distortion due to a frequency selective fading and a distortion due to an interference of adjacent waves is ruling. In the present invention, a principal wave signal and signals of channels adjacent to both sides of said principal wave are taken out, and power of these signals is compared to select either one of the fractional interval equalizer and the linear decision feedback equalizer.

Abstract: A data receiving apparatus capable of correctly obtaining decoded data of a received signal even if the center frequency of the received signal has a frequency shift and the state of transmission line changes with time. The coefficient of an equalizer is calculated basing upon an error signal obtained from the received signal and a shift of the center frequency obtained from the error signal. The coefficient is renewed each time a new received signal is supplied.

Abstract: An error detection method used for digital communication which intends to reduce the probability of outputting the speech obtained by decoding the data that includes an error. The speech data encoded in an error detection code and an error correction code is transmitted. On a receiving side, the data with an error detected in either one of decoding of the error correction code and CRC checking is interpolated so that it is possible to prevent the data which actually includes an error from being decoded into speech as it is.

Abstract: A data receiver which enhances a probability of frame synchronization even if a transmission line quality is bad detects a specific bit sequence in a received signal demodulated by a demodulator to deduce a transmission line quality by a line quality deducer. If the transmission line quality is so bad that a frame synchronization detector cannot detect the specific bit sequence, the specific bit sequence is detected from a received signal demodulated by an equalizer after the elimination of a transmission line distortion.

Abstract: A switched capacitor filter circuit which enables easy adjustment of a post-filter circuit to reduce the power consumption of a switched capacitor filter at a main side. In the switched capacitor filter circuit, a plurality of capacitors having capacitive values weighted by interpolating operation coefficients are provided, and a second SCF, operated at a sufficiently high sampling frequency to suppress unnecessary frequency components through a lower-order analog filter, is used as a post-filter.

Abstract: Disclosed is a roll-off filter apparatus having a small size, a simplified circuit structure and consuming a small amount of power. In the roll-off filter apparatus attaining the above object of the invention, a ramp signal generated from a ramp pattern generator is inserted in each gap of a data input signal temporarily stored in a buffer circuit, and such a signal is filtered in a switched capacitor filter having a roll-off filter characteristic. The output signal of the switched capacitor filter is supplied to be temporarily stored in a bucket brigade device, and the output signal of the bucket brigade device is delivered at a desired signal rate.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a frame synchronization method for digital mobile radio communication comprising generating a plurality of pulses having different phases on the basis of an asynchronous frame marker, and generating a synchronous frame marker on the basis of the pulses. In the method, a pulse having the same phase as that of the asynchronous frame marker, another pulse having its phase delayed by 1/2 of one clock period and another pulse having its phase delayed by one clock period are generated to be suitably selected.