Abstract: A management system displays a list of elements of some element types from among a plurality of element types, and receives a selection of the two or more elements from the list. The management system displays a topology which is configured of the two or more selected elements and an element (related element) related to the two or more selected elements and in which the two or more selected elements and the related element are segmented by element types.

Abstract: The present edge-emitting semiconductor layer element includes two-dimensional photonic crystals 4 formed in a semiconductor layer, and when one direction of a contact region of an electrode 8 is provided as a length direction (X-direction) and a direction perpendicular to both of the length direction and a thickness direction of a substrate is provided as a width direction (Y-direction), the two-dimensional photonic crystals 4 are, when viewed from a direction (Z-axis) perpendicular to the substrate, located in a region containing the electrode contact region and wider in the width direction than the contact region, and have a refractive index periodic structure in which the refractive index satisfies a Bragg's diffraction condition while periodically changing at every interval along the one direction (X-axis).

Abstract: A semiconductor surface light-emitting element of this invention is provided with a photonic crystal layer 6 obtained by periodically forming a plurality of holes H in a basic layer 6A comprised of a first compound semiconductor of the zinc blend structure and growing embedded regions 6B comprised of a second compound semiconductor of the zinc blend structure, in the holes H, and an active layer 4 to supply light to the photonic crystal layer 6, in which a principal surface of the basic layer 6A is a (001) plane and in which side faces of each hole H have at least three different {100} facets.

Abstract: The present edge-emitting semiconductor layer element includes two-dimensional photonic crystals 4 formed in a semiconductor layer, and when one direction of a contact region of an electrode 8 is provided as a length direction (X-direction) and a direction perpendicular to both of the length direction and a thickness direction of a substrate is provided as a width direction (Y-direction), the two-dimensional photonic crystals 4 are, when viewed from a direction (Z-axis) perpendicular to the substrate, located in a region containing the electrode contact region and wider in the width direction than the contact region, and have a refractive index periodic structure in which the refractive index satisfies a Bragg's diffraction condition while periodically changing at every interval along the one direction (X-axis).

Abstract: A semiconductor surface light-emitting element of this invention is provided with a photonic crystal layer 6 obtained by periodically forming a plurality of holes H in a basic layer 6A comprised of a first compound semiconductor of the zinc blende structure and growing embedded regions 6B comprised of a second compound semiconductor of the zinc blende structure, in the holes H, and an active layer 4 to supply light to the photonic crystal layer 6, in which a principal surface of the basic layer 6A is a (001) plane and in which side faces of each hole H have at least three different {100} facets.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device is provided with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate with an array of switching elements and a second substrate with a black matrix so as to form a first area for a normally black display and a second area for a normally white display A first electric potential difference formed between the black matrix and both of the first common electrode and the first pixel electrode formed in the first area on the first substrate is made to be smaller than a larger one of the second electric potential difference formed between the black matrix and both of the second common electrode and the second pixel electrode formed in the second area.

Abstract: A transflective liquid crystal display device is provided with a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between a first substrate with an array of switching elements and a second substrate with a black matrix so as to form a first area for a normally black display and a second area for a normally white display A first electric potential difference formed between the black matrix and both of the first common electrode and the first pixel electrode formed in the first area on the first substrate is made to be smaller than a larger one of the second electric potential difference formed between the black matrix and both of the second common electrode and the second pixel electrode formed in the second area.