Abstract: A negatively chargable toner for electrophotography, comprising a binder, a coloring agent and a charge control agent, the charge control agent comprising a copolymer of 1 to 30% by weight of a sulfoalkyl (meth)acrylic acid monomer represented by a specific chemical formula and 99 to 70% by weight of other vinyl monomer copolymerizable therewith, the amount of the charge control agent being from 0.1 to 10 parts by weight for 100 parts by weight of the binder. The toner can be charged immediately, can stably maintain the toner properties, in particular, under the conditions of high temperatures and high humidities, can produce a good image that is free from toner scattering, fogging and the like, and can be made into a color toner capable of clearly forming a colored image.

Abstract: A constant-current circuit is disclosed which is arranged such that the magnitude and temperature characteristic of a current flowing through a load can be set independently. Output side of a temperature characteristic setting circuit (15A) connected to a band-gap reference circuit (14), and output side of voltage-follower circuit (16) are connected to a control resistor (R12). The temperature characteristic of the current I0 flowing through the load (13) is set by the band-gap reference circuit (14) and temperature characteristic setting circuit (15A), and the magnitude of the current I0 is set by the control resistor (R12). The arrangement is made such that the magnitude and temperature characteristic of the current I0 can be set independently; thus, the circuit design can be simplified and the the magnitude and temperature characteristic of the current can be set with a high accuracy.

Abstract: A process for producing a composite resin for a toner, comprising the steps of: mixing, in water, (a) a low-molecular weight polymer powder comprising particles, not less than 80% by weight of the particles having a diameter of from 20 to 2000 microns with (b) a high-molecular weight polymer emulsion; subjecting the thus obtained mixture to a coagulation treatment; and heating the resulting mixture to obtain a composite resin in which the low-molecular weight polymer particle and the high-molecular weight polymer are fixed and homogeneously mixed with each other.

Abstract: An air-fuel ratio control method which controls the amount of the intake side secondary air in accordance with either the engine temperature or both of the engine temperature and the intake air temperature upon the engine re-start under a high engine temperature, thereby avoiding enrichment of the intake air-fuel ratio even at the occurrence of the percolation phenomenon and to improve the engine-start property. Furthermore, the amount of the intake side secondary air is controlled until the start of the air-fuel ratio feedback control to accomplish improvement in the purification of the exhaust gases and in the stability of the engine speed at an idle state.

Abstract: A small-sized electric mechanical transducer wherein plates are disposed to surround a bobbin in association with yokes. Magnetic passages are formed among the plates. Each of a pair of magnets drives the bobbin in accordance with the electric signals input into the driving coil. Also, an optical type pickup apparatus positively capable of the signal reading operation in which the lens holder is not out of shape even if the lens holder is driven in the focusing direction and the tracking direction, because the gravity center of the lens holder is conformed to the action point of the resultant force of the forces to be produced by the control signals to be input into the driving coil, and by the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit.

Abstract: A method of controlling the air/fuel ratio for an internal combustion engine set a base value of air/fuel ratio control in accordance with detected engine parameters, and the base value is corrected by a base correction value in order to compensate for the error of the base value. The speed of change in the correction value in the learning control operation is increased when the engine speed is low, or for a predetermined time period after a hot starting of the engine.

Abstract: A optical type pickup apparatus wherein the center of gravity of the lens holder coincides with the action point of the resultant force of the forces to be produced by the control signals input into the driving coil and by the magnetic field of the magnetic circuit. Thus, this apparatus may be provided which is capable of a signal reading operation wherein the lens holder is not out of shape even if the lens holder is driven in the focusing direction and the tracking direction.

Abstract: In an electronic parts carrier of the type comprising a bottom tape and a top tape for use with a chip-mounting machine, the top tape is arranged to be secured to the bottom tape so as to hold and sandwich each electronic parts chip between the lower surface of the top tape and a bottom of each recess made by the bottom tape. In one embodiment, the top tape is secured to the bottom tape by way of an adhesive where the depth of the recess is made slightly smaller than the height of the chips to be contained in the recess. In another embodiment, grooves are made in side walls of each recess so that convex portions made by the top tape are engageable with the grooves to secure the top tape with each electronic parts chip being held and sandwiched between the top tape and the bottom of each recess. A through-hole may be made in the bottom of the recess for easy recognition of the contained chips and for easy pushing up of the same when the chips are to be taken out of the carrier.

Abstract: Sheet stacks bordered by sheet markers are sequentially fed from a pile of aligned and stacked sheets containing sheet markers inserted into these sheets through end wall at specific intervals with bare portion left outside, using a sheet stack delivery apparatus including at least lifter means that mounts sheet stacks to allow the uppermost sheet stack to be sequentially transferred to a pre-determined level; a wedge-type head for separating sheet stacks comprising its tip part facing the end wall of the sheet pile at a position close to the sheet marker bordering the uppermost and the second sheet stacks and also the upper tilt surface and the bottom surface ending at the tip part; and means for transferring the uppermost sheet stack by holding and pushing forward an end wall of the uppermost sheet stack split by the wedge head.

Abstract: Tough heat- and corrosion-resistant films of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) are baked onto the surfaces of sheet-type gaskets in a curtain coating process. The gasket to be coated is passed through a flow of liquid PTFE-resin containing composition, the gasket inverted end-for-end, the opposite side coated, then baked, to form a tough film.

Abstract: A control circuit of an FM stereophonic receiver includes two sets of symmetrically arranged transistor pairs which form a DC supply regulating circuit therein and are connected to respective constant current sources. The control circuit receives an output signal from an FM detector and controls the coupling of the FM detector output to different input terminals of a switching circuit of the FM demodulator in response to a DC control signal indicative of the level of a received broadcast signal. The switching circuit receives a train of switching pulses of 38 kHz as a switching signal to derive a stereophonic or monophonic audio signal from the controllably applied FM detector output. The DC supply regulating circuit serves to maintain the DC level applied to the input terminals of the switching circuit at a constant value at all times to reduce noise which might occur in the reproduced audio signal when the receiver is switched over between the stereophonic and monophonic modes.

Abstract: In a noise cancelling system for FM receivers, means is provided whereby a pilot signal of 19 KHz is always detected from a stereo composite signal, whether or not a noise canceller circuit is operated. The 19 KHz pilot signal is injected into a phase locked loop, and a signal of 38 KHz in synchronism with the 19 KHz pilot signal is generated which in turn is injected into the multiplex demodulation circuit. Furthermore, means may also be provided which eliminates, from the 19 KHz pilot signal, noise mixed into the stereo composite signal and having a frequency characteristic of (19/n) KHz (n=1, 2, . . .) and then detects the foregoing pilot signal, thereby achieving satisfactory stereophonic separation.