Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for preparing a hydrocarbon fuel from waste rubber. The process involves admixing, in a reaction vessel, at least one fluid medium with the waste rubber to obtain a slurry; wherein the concentration of the waste rubber in the slurry ranges from 45% to 70%. A reactor is charged with the slurry and a predetermined amount of at least one catalyst composition to obtain a mixture, followed by introduction of hydrogen to the reactor to attain a predetermined pressure and heating the mixture at a predetermined temperature, to attain an autogenously generated pressure, and for a predetermined time period to obtain a reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel. This reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel is then cooled to obtain a cooled reaction mass. The hydrocarbon fuel is then separated from the cooled reaction mass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for catalyst assisted production of crude bio-oil from biomass, which involves heating a mixture of biomass slurry and a catalyst at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing the crude bio-oil. The crude bio-oil is separated from said mass to obtain a separated crude bio-oil. The catalyst being soluble in water is recovered from the aqueous phase and is reused for the preparation of crude bio-oil from biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the conversion of biomass to crude bio-oil. Phycocyanin is extracted from the biomass to form phycocyanin extracted biomass (PEB) and subjecting the PEB to HTL conversion to obtain crude bio-oil. PEB results in improved yield of crude bio-oil as compared to the crude bio-oil yield from biomass without first extracting the phycocyanin from the biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of crude bio-oil which involves heating a mixture of biomass slurry and a mixed catalyst system in the presence of a hydrogen source at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing crude bio-oil. The crude bio-oil can then be separated from said mass containing crude bio-oil. The mixed catalyst system remains in solid form and can be easily separated and reused in the next cycle of hydrothermal conversion of biomass to crude bio-oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a catalyst composition for conversion of biomass to crude bio oil. The composition comprises at least one metal compound, at least one support and at least one stabilizing/solubilizing agent. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of catalyst composition, and hydrothermal conversion of biomass to crude bio oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of bio-oil which involves heating a mixture of a biomass slurry and a first catalyst composition at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing crude bio oil, a residue and the catalyst; separating the crude bio oil from said mass to obtain a separated crude bio oil; extracting said separated crude bio oil with at least one solvent and evaporating said solvent to obtain a solvent free crude bio oil; subjecting said solvent free crude bio oil to reduction in the presence of a second catalyst composition and hydrogen source at temperature and pressure conditions similar to those employed for the conversion of bio mass into crude bio oil to obtain bio-oil. The second catalyst composition is the same as that of the first catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a process for preparing a hydrocarbon fuel from waste rubber. The process involves admixing, in a reaction vessel, at least one fluid medium with the waste rubber to obtain a slurry; wherein the concentration of the waste rubber in the slurry ranges from 45% to 70%. A reactor is charged with the slurry and a predetermined amount of at least one catalyst composition to obtain a mixture, followed by introduction of hydrogen to the reactor to attain a predetermined pressure and heating the mixture at a predetermined temperature, to attain an autogenously generated pressure, and for a predetermined time period to obtain a reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel. This reaction mass comprising the hydrocarbon fuel is then cooled to obtain a cooled reaction mass. The hydrocarbon fuel is then separated from the cooled reaction mass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for catalyst assisted production of crude bio-oil from biomass, which involves heating a mixture of biomass slurry and a catalyst at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing the crude bio-oil. The crude bio-oil is separated from said mass to obtain a separated crude bio-oil. The catalyst being soluble in water is recovered from the aqueous phase and is reused for the preparation of crude bio-oil from biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a multi-metallic catalyst system comprising at least one support, and at least one promoter component and an active component comprising at least two metals uniformly dispersed on the support. The present disclosure also provides a process for preparing the multi-metallic catalyst system. Further, the present disclosure provides a process for preparing upgraded fuel from biomass. The process is carried out in two steps. In the first step, a biomass slurry is prepared and is heated in the presence of hydrogen and a multi-metallic catalyst that comprises at least one support, at least one promoter component, and an active component comprising at least two metals to obtain crude biofuel as an intermediate product. The intermediate product obtained in the first step is then cooled and filtered to obtain a filtered intermediate product. In the second step, the filtered intermediate product is hydrogenated in the presence of the multi-metallic catalyst to obtain the upgraded fuel.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the conversion of biomass to crude bio-oil. Phycocyanin is extracted from the biomass to form phycocyanin extracted biomass (PEB) and subjecting the PEB to HTL conversion to obtain crude bio-oil. PEB results in improved yield of crude bio-oil as compared to the crude bio-oil yield from biomass without first extracting the phycocyanin from the biomass.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of crude bio-oil which involves heating a mixture of biomass slurry and a mixed catalyst system in the presence of a hydrogen source at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing crude bio-oil. The crude bio-oil can then be separated from said mass containing crude bio-oil. The mixed catalyst system remains in solid form and can be easily separated and reused in the next cycle of hydrothermal conversion of biomass to crude bio-oil.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a process for the production of bio-oil which involves heating a mixture of a biomass slurry and a first catalyst composition at a temperature ranging from 200 to 350° C. and at a pressure ranging from 70 to 250 bars to obtain a mass containing crude bio oil, a residue and the catalyst; separating the crude bio oil from said mass to obtain a separated crude bio oil; extracting said separated crude bio oil with at least one solvent and evaporating said solvent to obtain a solvent free crude bio oil; subjecting said solvent free crude bio oil to reduction in the presence of a second catalyst composition and hydrogen source at temperature and pressure conditions similar to those employed for the conversion of bio mass into crude bio oil to obtain bio-oil. The second catalyst composition is the same as that of the first catalyst composition.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a catalyst composition for conversion of biomass to crude bio oil. The composition comprises at least one metal compound, at least one support and at least one stabilizing/solubilizing agent. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of catalyst composition, and hydrothermal conversion of biomass to crude bio oil.

Abstract: This invention provides an environmentally clean process for the selective esterfication of a tertiary alcohol (I) by an acid anhydride (II) to produce corresponding tertiary ester (III) and carboxylic acid (V), using a reusable solid catalyst (IV) comprising one or more halides of indium, gallium, zinc and iron. The process comprises: (i) contacting a mixture of (I) and (II) in the absence or presence of a non aqueous solvent with the fine particles of (IV) in a stirred hatch reactor provided with a reflux water condenser at atmospheric pressure at the reaction conditions, such that the mole ratio of (II) to (I) is in the range from about 0.1 to about 10.0; the weight ratio of (IV) to (I+II) is in the range from about 0.005 to about 0.5; the reaction temperate is below about 80° C.; and the reaction period is in the range from about 0.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for the selective esterfication of a tertiary alcohol(I) by an acid anhydride(II) to produce corresponding tertiary ester(III) and carboxylic acid(V), using a reusable solid catalyst(IV) comprising one or more halides of indium, gallium, zinc and iron. The process comprises: (i) contacting a mixture of (I) and (II) in the absence or presence of a non aqueous solvent with the fine particles of (IV) in a stirred batch reactor provided with a reflux water condenser at atmospheric pressure at the reaction conditions, such that the mole ratio of (II) to (I) is in the range from about 0.1 to about 10.0; the weight ratio of (IV) to (I+II) is in the range from about 0.005 to about 0.5; the reaction temperature is below about 80° C., and the reaction period is in the range from about 0.1 h to about 50 h; (ii) removing the solid catalyst(IV) from the reaction mixture by filtration; and (iii) reusing the separated solid catalyst for subsequent batch of the process.