Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical transmission apparatus capable of reducing the influence of nonlinear effect of an optical fiber, suppressing a band requested to a device from being widened, easily bias controlling a modulator, and flexibly switching plural modulation methods. An optical transmission apparatus 301 according to the invention includes a modulator 101 and a controller 102. The modulator 101 is a modulator capable of quadrapture phase-shift keying the light from a light source and outputting the light. The controller 102 controls the input signal to the modulator 101 and causes the modulator 101 to carry out a quadrapture phase-shift keying operation or a ?/2 shift binary phase-shift keying operation.

Abstract: An object of the invention is to provide an optical transmission apparatus capable of reducing the influence of nonlinear effect of an optical fiber, suppressing a band requested to a device from being widened, easily bias controlling a modulator, and flexibly switching plural modulation methods. An optical transmission apparatus 301 according to the invention includes a modulator 101 and a controller 102. The modulator 101 is a modulator capable of quadrapture phase-shift keying the light from a light source and outputting the light. The controller 102 controls the input signal to the modulator 101 and causes the modulator 101 to carry out a quadrapture phase-shift keying operation or a ?/2 shift binary phase-shift keying operation.

Abstract: A toilet seat device includes a base portion, a toilet seat extending from the base portion in a forward direction, a connecting member fixed at a toilet bowl, at least one hinge member supporting the base portion and the toilet seat, the at least one hinge member lifting up and down the base portion and the toilet seat between the first condition and the second condition, the first condition at which the base portion and the toilet seat are positioned at the toilet bowl substantially in a close contact relation with the toilet bowl, and the second condition at which the base portion and the toilet seat are positioned separately relative to the toilet bowl, and a housing space defined at a bottom surface portion of the base portion and for housing the hinge member therein. The hinge member is housed in the housing space under the first condition.

Abstract: A toilet seat device includes a base portion, a toilet seat extending from the base portion in a forward direction, a connecting member fixed at a toilet bowl, at least one hinge member supporting the base portion and the toilet seat, the at least one hinge member lifting up and down the base portion and the toilet seat between the first condition and the second condition, the first condition at which the base portion and the toilet seat are positioned at the toilet bowl substantially in a close contact relation with the toilet bowl, and the second condition at which the base portion and the toilet seat are positioned separately relative to the toilet bowl, and a housing space defined at a bottom surface portion of the base portion and for housing the hinge member therein. The hinge member is housed in the housing space under the first condition.