Abstract: The propagation of radio waves in indoor and outdoor mobile communications is improved. An electromagnetic wave reflector includes: a panel having a reflecting surface and configured to reflect a radio wave of a desired band selected from frequency bands ranging from 1 GHz to 170 GHz; and a support supporting the panel, and, in this electromagnetic wave reflector, the support has a conductive frame and a non-conductive cover that covers at least part of the frame, and the frame has a slit and a hollow, the slit receiving an end part of the panel, and the hollow being independent of the slit.

Abstract: This reflective screen 10 reflects a part of image light beam projected from an image source LS, to display an image. The reflective screen 10 is provided with: a first optical shape layer 12 which has optical transparency and has a plurality of unit optical shapes 121 arranged on a rear surface thereof; and a reflective layer 13 which is formed in at least some of the unit optical shapes 121 and by which a part of incident light is reflected and at least the other part of the incident light is transmitted, wherein a light diffusing action in the direction in which the unit optical shapes 121 are arranged is larger than a light diffusing action in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction.

Abstract: This reflective screen 10 reflects a part of image light beam projected from an image source LS, to display an image. The reflective screen 10 is provided with: a first optical shape layer 12 which has optical transparency and has a plurality of unit optical shapes 121 arranged on a rear surface thereof; and a reflective layer 13 which is formed in at least some of the unit optical shapes 121 and by which a part of incident light is reflected and at least the other part of the incident light is transmitted, wherein a light diffusing action in the direction in which the unit optical shapes 121 are arranged is larger than a light diffusing action in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction.

Abstract: An electromagnetic wave reflector includes a panel having a reflective surface that reflects a radio wave of a frequency band selected from 1 GHz to 170 GHz, and a support body that supports the panel. The support body has a connector part electrically connected to the reflective surface, the connector part being configured to propagate a reference potential of a reflection having occurred at the reflective surface.

Abstract: A wireless transmission system includes a base station that transmits and receives a radio wave in a frequency band selected from a range of 1 GHz to 170 GHz, and an electromagnetic wave reflector having a reflective surface that reflects the radio wave and provided along at least a part of a production line in which manufacturing equipment that transmits and receives the radio wave is used.

Abstract: This reflective screen 10 reflects a part of image light beam projected from an image source LS, to display an image. The reflective screen 10 is provided with: a first optical shape layer 12 which has optical transparency and has a plurality of unit optical shapes 121 arranged on a rear surface thereof; and a reflective layer 13 which is formed in at least some of the unit optical shapes 121 and by which a part of incident light is reflected and at least the other part of the incident light is transmitted, wherein a light diffusing action in the direction in which the unit optical shapes 121 are arranged is larger than a light diffusing action in a direction perpendicular to the arrangement direction.

Abstract: A light-modulating cell includes: a pair of polarizing plates (a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate); a pair of electrodes (a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode) arranged between the pair of polarizing plates (the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate); and a pair of alignment films (a first alignment film and a second alignment film) arranged between the pair of electrodes (the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode). A plurality of spacers, which support at least any one of the pair of alignment films and are in two-dimensional contact with at least any one of the pair of alignment films, is provided. At least some of the plurality of spacers have an inconstant distance to another spacer positioned at a closest distance.

Abstract: A light-modulating cell includes: a pair of polarizing plates (a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate); a pair of electrodes (a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode) arranged between the pair of polarizing plates (the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate); and a pair of alignment films (a first alignment film and a second alignment film) arranged between the pair of electrodes (the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode). A plurality of spacers, which support at least any one of the pair of alignment films and are in two-dimensional contact with at least any one of the pair of alignment films, is provided. At least some of the plurality of spacers have an inconstant distance to another spacer positioned at a closest distance.

Abstract: A light-modulating cell includes: a pair of polarizing plates (a first polarizing plate and a second polarizing plate); a pair of electrodes (a first transparent electrode and a second transparent electrode) arranged between the pair of polarizing plates (the first polarizing plate and the second polarizing plate); and a pair of alignment films (a first alignment film and a second alignment film) arranged between the pair of electrodes (the first transparent electrode and the second transparent electrode). A plurality of spacers, which support at least any one of the pair of alignment films and are in two-dimensional contact with at least any one of the pair of alignment films, is provided. At least some of the plurality of spacers have an inconstant distance to another spacer positioned at a closest distance.

Abstract: A pattern phase difference film is manufactured by a process including a laminate body formation step of applying a pattern alignment layer composition on a substrate to form a laminate body, a heat-drying layer formation step of heat-drying the composition to form a heat-dried layer, a pattern alignment layer formation step of irradiating a polarization pattern onto the heat-dried layer to form a pattern alignment layer, and a phase difference layer formation step of forming a phase difference layer including a rod-shaped compound on the pattern alignment layer. During the steps between the heat-drying layer formation step and the phase difference layer formation step, the heat-dried layer and the pattern alignment layer are exposed to the air for four hours or less.

Abstract: A pattern phase difference film is manufactured by a process including a laminate body formation step of applying a pattern alignment layer composition on a substrate to form a laminate body, a heat-drying layer formation step of heat-drying the composition to form a heat-dried layer, a pattern alignment layer formation step of irradiating a polarization pattern onto the heat-dried layer to form a pattern alignment layer, and a phase difference layer formation step of forming a phase difference layer including a rod-shaped compound on the pattern alignment layer. During the steps between the heat-drying layer formation step and the phase difference layer formation step, the heat-dried layer and the pattern alignment layer are exposed to the air for four hours or less.

Abstract: A pattern phase difference film is manufactured by a process including a laminate body formation step of applying a pattern alignment layer composition on a substrate to form a laminate body, a heat-drying layer formation step of heat-drying the composition to form a heat-dried layer, a pattern alignment layer formation step of irradiating a polarization pattern onto the heat-dried layer to form a pattern alignment layer, and a phase difference layer formation step of forming a phase difference layer including a rod-shaped compound on the pattern alignment layer. During the steps between the heat-drying layer formation step and the phase difference layer formation step, the heat-dried layer and the pattern alignment layer are exposed to the air for four hours or less.

Abstract: A pattern phase difference film is manufactured by a process including a laminate body formation step of applying a pattern alignment layer composition on a substrate to form a laminate body, a heat-drying layer formation step of heat-drying the composition to form a heat-dried layer, a pattern alignment layer formation step of irradiating a polarization pattern onto the heat-dried layer to form a pattern alignment layer, and a phase difference layer formation step of forming a phase difference layer including a rod-shaped compound on the pattern alignment layer. During the steps between the heat-drying layer formation step and the phase difference layer formation step, the heat-dried layer and the pattern alignment layer are exposed to the air for four hours or less.