Abstract: The invention relates to compounds represented by the general formula [I] ##STR1## [wherein Ar means an aryl group or a heteroaryl group which may have a substitutive group selected from a group consisting of a halogen atom, a lower alkyl group and a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.1 means a C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl group which is substitutable with a fluorine atom; R.sup.2 and R.sup.4 mean hydrogen atoms, groups represented by --(A.sup.1).sub.m --NH--B or the like; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 mean hydrogen atoms, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aliphatic hydrocarbon groups or the like which are substitutable with a lower alkyl group(s); n means 0 or 1; and X means an oxygen atom or a sulfur atom].Compounds according to the invention, since they not only have potent selective antagonistic activity against muscarinic M.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound represented by general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof: ##STR1## [wherein each of ##STR2## is an aryl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; A.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-6 chain hydrocarbon group or a group represented by --A.sup.1a --W.sup.1 --A.sup.1b -- (wherein W.sup.1 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ethynylene group, a cyclopropylene group or a group represented by --NR.sup.W --); A.sup.2 is a C.sub.1-8 chain hydrocarbon group; R.sup.1 is a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkoxy group, a carboxyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, a carbamoyl group, a lower alkylcarbamoyl group, a group represented by R.sup.a COO-- (wherein R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom, an amino group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group or a lower alkylamino group) or by R.sup.b CONR.sup.c -- (wherein R.sup.

Abstract: In the production of fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives by the reaction of a carboxylic acid of formula where Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl and R.sup.10 represents C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl in which up to 4 hydrogen atoms are substituted with fluorine or C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl having 1 to 2 protected or unprotected hydroxyl or oxo groups, or a reactive derivative thereof, with a piperidine derivative of formula [IV] as defined in the specification, especially useful results are obtained using 4-amino-1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidine or a salt thereof, e.g., trihydrochloride, as the piperidine derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 represent an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; A represents a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; X and Y represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula --CHR.sup.a -- (wherein R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or --NR.sup.b -- (wherein R.sup.b is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), or X and Y together represent a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I), or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester: ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; Ar is a group of the formula ##STR2## each of Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 is an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; Cy is an aryl group, a heteroaromatic ring group or an aliphatic ring group which may contain one or two oxygen atoms; A.sup.1 is a C.sub.1-4 chain hydrocarbon group; m is an integer of from 1 to 6; each of n and p is an integer of from 0 to 3; Q.sup.1 is a single bond, a group of the formula --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 S-- or --SCH.sub.2 --, or a C.sub.1-6 chain hydrocarbon group; Q.sup.2 is a single bond or a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --W--(CH.sub.2).sub.p --; Q.sup.3 is a single bond, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a methylene group, a vinylene group or a group of the formula --CO--, --NH--, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.

Abstract: A compound represented by general formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester thereof: [wherein each of Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 is an aryl group or an aromatic heterocyclic group; A.sup.1 is a C.sub.2-6 chain hydrocarbon group or a group represented by --A.sup.1a --W.sup.1 --A.sup.1b -- (wherein W.sup.1 is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, an ethynylene group, a cyclopropylene group or a group represented by --NR.sup.W --; A.sup.2 is a C.sub.2-8 chain hydrocarbon group; each of X and Y is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a group represented by --CHR.sup.a -- or by --NR.sup.b --, or X and Y together represent a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; each of R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group or a lower alkoxy group; each of R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: Novel fluorine-containing 1,4-disubstituted piperidine derivatives, represented by general formula ?I! ##STR1## such as, for example, (2R)-N-?1-(6-aminopyridin-2-ylmethyl)piperidin-4-yl!-2-?(1R)-3,3-difluoroc yclopentyl!-2-hydroxy-2-phenylacetamide or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, are potent and selective antagonists for muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors with little side effects. The compounds of formula ?I! exhibit excellent oral activity, duration of activity and pharmacolkinetics. They are useful for treatment and prophylaxis of respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases; urinary diseases, such as urinary incontinence; and digestive diseases, such as irritable bowel syndrome, and motion sickness.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 represent an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; A represents a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; X and Y represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula --CHR.sup.a -- (wherein R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or --NR.sup.b -- (wherein R.sup.b is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), or X and Y together represent a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2, Ar.sup.3 and Ar.sup.4 represent an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; A represents a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; X and Y represent an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a carbonyl group or a group of the formula --CHR.sup.a -- (wherein R.sup.a is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group) or --NR.sup.b -- (wherein R.sup.b is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group), or X and Y together represent a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.8 and R.sup.9 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.4 and R.sup.

Abstract: This invention provides novel 1,4-di-substituted piperidine derivatives of the general formula ?I! ##STR1## and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein: Ar represents a phenyl group or a five- or six-membered heteroaromatic group having one or two hetero atoms selected from the group consisting of an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom and a nitrogen atom in which one or two optional hydrogen atoms on the ring may be replaced by substituent groups selected from the group consisting of a halogen atom and a lower alkyl group;R.sup.1 represents a cycloalkyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms or a cycloalkenyl group of 3 to 6 carbon atoms;R.sup.2 represents a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbon radical of 5 to 15 carbon atoms; andX represents O or NH.These compounds have selective antagonistic activity against the muscarinic M.sub.3 receptors and can hence be used safely with a minimum of side effects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1, Ar.sup.2 and Ar.sup.3 represent an aryl group or a heteroaromatic ring group; A represents a hydrocarbon group which may be substituted; Q represents a group of the formula --(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- (m is an integer of from 1 to 6) or --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --W--(CH.sub.2).sub.p -- (W is an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, a vinylene group or an ethynylene group; n and p are a integer of from 0 to 3); R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group, a lower alkoxy group, an aryl or heteroaromatic ring group which may be substituted; R.sup.2, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a lower alkyl group or a lower alkoxy group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: An execution control system includes: shared reference information including procedure information to be referred to by software components when an execution request information is issued by a software component; and control means which refers to the shared reference information on the basis of the execution request information issued by the software component, combines software components, and controls the execution of the software components.