Abstract: A novel light-emitting device is provided. A light-emitting device with high emission efficiency is provided. A light-emitting device with a long lifetime is provided. A light-emitting device with low driving voltage is provided. The light-emitting device includes an anode, a cathode, and an EL layer between the anode and the cathode. The EL layer includes a hole-injection layer, a light-emitting layer, and an electron-transport layer. The hole-injection layer is positioned between the anode and the light-emitting layer. The electron-transport layer is positioned between the light-emitting layer and the cathode. The hole-injection layer contains a first substance and a second substance. The first substance is an organic compound which has a hole-transport property and a HOMO level higher than or equal to ?5.7 eV and lower than or equal to ?5.4 eV. The second substance exhibits an electron-accepting property with respect to the first substance.

Abstract: A GNSS receiver includes at least two antennas, a satellite direction acquisition module, an estimation module, and a determination module. A satellite direction acquisition module acquires the direction when viewing the satellite corresponding to the GNSS signal received by the antenna based on the satellite orbit information. The estimation module estimates the arrival direction of the GNSS signal on the basis of the difference in timing when the GNSS signal is received by the plurality of antennas. The determination module compares the direction in which the satellite is viewed from the antenna with the arrival direction estimated by the estimation module to determine whether the GNSS signal received by the antenna is a direct GNSS signal based on a direct wave from the satellite or an NLOS GNSS signal.

Abstract: In a reference signal generator including a synchronization circuit configured to convert a digital signal into an analog signal, supply this signal to a voltage controlled oscillator, and control the voltage controlled oscillator to obtain a signal synchronized with the reference signal, without an accumulation of quantization error in a holdover control in which an acquisition of a reference signal is not available. The reference signal generator includes a phase synchronization circuit and a controller. The phase synchronization circuit controls the reference signal outputted from the oscillator, according to a control signal obtained based on the reference signal. The controller generates a free-running control signal and controls the oscillator when the reference signal becomes unavailable. The oscillator receives discrete values and oscillates accordingly.

Abstract: In a reference signal generator including a synchronization circuit configured to convert a digital signal into an analog signal, supply this signal to a voltage controlled oscillator, and control the voltage controlled oscillator to obtain a signal synchronized with the reference signal, without an accumulation of quantization error in a holdover control in which an acquisition of a reference signal is not available. The reference signal generator includes a phase synchronization circuit and a controller. The phase synchronization circuit controls the reference signal outputted from the oscillator, according to a control signal obtained based on the reference signal. The controller generates a free-running control signal and controls the oscillator when the reference signal becomes unavailable. The oscillator receives discrete values and oscillates accordingly.

Abstract: A satellite and/or dead-reckoning navigation integrated positioning device with improved accuracy including position, velocity, etc. is disclosed. A tracking processing module performs, based on a GPS signal, acquisition and tracking thereof and demodulation of a navigation message. A GPS calculation module calculates position, velocity, and the like based on pseudo-range and Doppler frequency observations, and ephemeris data and gives the calculations to output judgment and tracking processing modules. Based on external support information including inertial sensor output, map information or information about differences between map position and measured position, along with the pseudo-range and Doppler observations, an integrated positioning calculation module estimates position, velocity, and the like, and gives the estimates to the output judgment module.

Abstract: A satellite and/or dead-reckoning navigation integrated positioning device with improved accuracy including position, velocity, etc. is disclosed. A tracking processing module performs, based on a GPS signal, acquisition and tracking thereof and demodulation of a navigation message. A GPS calculation module calculates position, velocity, and the like based on pseudo-range and Doppler frequency observations, and ephemeris data and gives the calculations to output judgment and tracking processing modules. Based on external support information including inertial sensor output, map information or information about differences between map position and measured position , along with the pseudo-range and Doppler observations, an integrated positioning calculation module estimates position, velocity, and the like, and gives the estimates to the output judgment module.

Abstract: Disclosed is a satellite navigation/dead-reckoning navigation integrated positioning device with improved accuracy of navigation data including position, velocity, and the like, which can be constituted at low cost. A tracking processing module (31) performs, based on a GPS positioning signal, acquisition processing and tracking processing thereof and demodulation processing of a navigation message. A GPS positioning calculation module (32) calculates position, velocity, and the like based on a pseudo-range observation, a Doppler frequency observation, and ephemeris data and gives the calculated position, velocity, and the like to an output judgment module (43) and the tracking processing module (31).

Abstract: Spindle motors, one example being furnished with: a housing member perforated by a round through-hole; a sleeve disposed within the housing through-hole; a shaft; fluid dynamic-pressure bearings that support the shaft against the sleeve letting one rotate relative to the other; and an electroconductive member contacting on the housing member and the sleeve, and electrically interconnecting the two. An elastic limb that in its elastically deformed state contacts on at least either the housing member or the sleeve is formed on at least either the inner periphery or the outer periphery of the electroconductive member. By the spring force of the elastic limb, the electroconductive member contacts on the housing member and the sleeve, maintaining elastic stress between them.

Abstract: Spindle motors, one example being furnished with: a housing member perforated by a round through-hole; a sleeve disposed within the housing through-hole; a shaft; fluid dynamic-pressure bearings that support the shaft against the sleeve letting one rotate relative to the other; and an electroconductive member contacting on the housing member and the sleeve, and electrically interconnecting the two. An elastic limb that in its elastically deformed state contacts on at least either the housing member or the sleeve is formed on at least either the inner periphery or the outer periphery of the electroconductive member. By the spring force of the elastic limb, the electroconductive member contacts on the housing member and the sleeve, maintaining elastic stress between them.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a fuel path sealing structure for a fuel injection valve that is capable of preventing a high pressure fuel leak by increasing the seal surface pressure between a first body such as an injector housing, and a second body such as a nozzle body to thus permit an increase in the seal surface pressure without a change to the size of the nozzle nut or the corresponding tightening force. The present invention is directed toward the formation, over a predetermined surface area, of slightly shallow micro-recesses, in regions other than the high pressure fuel paths and the periphery of the seal surfaces, that is, at the center of the seal surface.

Abstract: Disclosed is an IgE antibody inhibitor containing glucomannan. Also disclosed is an IgE antibody inhibitory food containing glucomannan.

Abstract: An immunosuppressive agent and food, which can prevent type I allergic diseases, autoimmune diseases, rejections in organ transplant and improve morbid states even when these diseases are induced, and which are safe and easy to intake. The immunosuppressive agent and food contain a fine powder of a hydrophilic polysaccharide. Preferably, the fine powder of hydrophilic polysaccharide is in the form of glucomannan which is refined konjak flour, has a dietary fiber content of 90% or more, and is easily soluble in water. For making the glucomannan into an easily water-soluble state, it is preferably subjected to a pulverization treatment. Preferably, the glucomannan subjected to the pulverization treatment has a weight average molecular weight of 1,000,000 or more and an average particle diameter of 100 &mgr;m or less, and a period of time until 1% aqueous solution thereof reaches the viscosity peak at room temperature is within 30 minutes. As a fort, powder, capsule, tablet, pill or granule may be mentioned.

Abstract: Disclosed is an IgE antibody inhibitor containing glucomannan. Also disclosed is an IgE antibody inhibitory food containing glucomannan.