Abstract: To provide a gas sensor and a method of sensing the gas concentrations which are capable of a battery drive through low power consumption and highly reliable, the gas sensor in which an electromotive force type gas sensor element is formed on a substrate, wherein the electromotive force type gas sensor element has a heating element formed on the substrate, a layer of solid electrolyte formed with an insulating layer interposed on the heating element and two electrodes formed on the solid electrolyte and is characterized in that the substrate is a heat-resistant glass base substrate.

Abstract: A pair of reference electrodes and a flame rod are placed in contact with charged particles in a flame produced by a burner. When a voltage is applied between the flame rod and the burner by a power source, a current (I.sub.fr) flows between them due to the flame conductivity. A potential difference (V.sub.12) between the pair of reference electrodes is detected by a potential difference detector. The dynamic flame impedance between the pair of reference electrodes is defined as the slope of the I.sub.fr -V.sub.12 relationship and is independent of I.sub.fr.

Abstract: A thin-film thermistor element which has an electrically insulating substrate having first and second surfaces opposite to each other and also having a pair of through-holes defined therein so as to extend completely across the thickness thereof, and a pair of electrode films each including a body portion of large surface area and a generally comb-shaped portion continued outwardly from the body portion. The electrode films are formed by the use of a firing process on the first surface of the substrate with the respective comb-shaped portions thereof confronting with each other. First and second electroconductive films are also formed on respective surrounding wall faces defining the corresponding through-holes in the substrate in electrically connected relationship with the body portions of the associated electrode films. A temperature sensitive resistance film is formed by the use of a high frequency sputtering process on the first surface of the substrate so as to overlay the electrode films.

Abstract: An oxygen ion conductive solid-electrolyte plate (1) has first and second opposite surfaces. A plurality of negative electrodes (21b, 22b) and positive electrodes (21a, 22a) are formed on the first and second surfaces of the solid-electrolyte plate (1), respectively, and each of the plurality of negative electrodes (21b, 22b) is opposed to each of the plurality of positive electrodes (21a, 22a). A spacer (5 or 7) is hermetically secured to the first surface of the electrolyte plate (1) and at the same time surrounds each of the plurality of negative electrodes (21b, 22b). A sealing plate (3) is also hermetically secured to the spacer (5 or 7). A plurality of closed spaces (61, 62) are thus defined as spaces surrounded by the solid-electrolyte plate (1), spacer (5 or 7) and sealing plate (3). A plurality of windows (41, 42) are provided in the sealing plate.

Abstract: Method for removal of carbon monoxide from air wherein air to be purified is passed through a catalyst for promotion of oxidation of carbon monoxide consisting of a carrier including powdered activated carbon, an alkali, and a bonding agent and inpregnated with palladium alone or in combination one or more of the elements ruthenium, rhodium, and platinum. The amount of included alkali is made such that there is reduced risk of combustion due to presence of activated carbon, and the bonding agent renders the catalyst more resistant to vibration, while high rates of carbon removal are achieved at comparatively low temperature and high rates of air flow through the catalyst.

Abstract: Nitrogen oxides removal method wherein nitrogen oxides are removed from a gas by bringing the gas into contact with a granulated material containing an alkali and cement material, active carbon and a binder. The active carbon promotes an absorption reaction between the alkali material and nitrogen oxides, the cement material provides a porous but strong structure to the material, and the binder permits longer use of the material in a wide range of conditions.